Abstract: Customer willingness and capacity constraints are two important factors in competitive facility location problem. Considering the interact relationship of customer willingness and facility capacity, a bi-objective competitive location model is established aiming at minimizing enterprise cost and customer payment. A simulated annealing-based algorithm is proposed to solve the model by designing demand-oriented service allocation mechanism. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the influence of service allocation mechanism and some parameters, such as the target weight and the budget limit et al. The demand oriented factors will increase the total cost of the enterprise, but it can reduce the payment of customers to enhance the attractiveness to customers. In addition, the budget limit of the enterprise has an important influence on the decision of the location of the enterprise. The market share that the enterprise can obtain is positively related to the location budget limit. There is a negative correlation between the total payments of customers and the total cost of the services provided by enterprises, so the optimal location decision should be realized through the tradeoff between the quality of service and total costs.

Key words: demand-oriented, capacitated facility, competitive location, allocation mechanism

摘要： 客户意愿与容量限制是竞争设施选址问题中两个重要的影响因素,在考虑客户意愿与设施容量共同作用条件下,建立了最小化企业总成本以及每个客户费用为目标的竞争设施选址问题优化模型,通过设计需求导向服务分配机制解决设施与客户之间服务关系分配问题,结合模拟退火思想提出了求解模型的算法。最后利用数值例子分析了需求导向服务分配机制以及目标权重、预算限额等参数对于选址决策的影响,其中考虑需求导向因素会适当增加企业的总成本,但可以减少客户所付出的费用从而增强对客户的吸引力;另外企业的预算限额对于企业的设施选址决策有着重要的影响,企业所能获取的市场份额与其选址预算限额呈正相关的关系;而客户所需付出的总费用与企业提供服务的总成本两者之间则呈负相关的关系,因此需要通过服务质量与成本之间的权衡实现最理想的选址决策。

关键词: 需求导向, 容量设施, 竞争选址, 分配机制