Abstract: In order to overcome the short comings of the urban logistics distribution optimization study in the reasonable combination of customer service time windows and cargo loading modes, the relevant characteristics of the cargo loading modes and customer visiting sequences in the logistics distribution carriage are considered to select a reasonable carriage compartment partition mode. Firstly, this paper establishes a bi-objective optimization model including the minimum logistics operating costs and the maximum space utilization of vehicles, and the logistics operating costs contain the fixed cost of the distribution center, transportation cost, maintenance cost, vehicle rental cost, and the penalty cost of the time window violation. Secondly, a Genetic Algorithm-Tabu Search (GA-TS) hybrid algorithm that combines the global search capability of GA and the local search capability of TS is proposed to address this model. Finally, the proposed method and algorithm are verified and studied based on real-world case data of three-dimensional loading logistics distribution in Chongqing City, China, and the experimental results show that the optimization schemes of three-dimensional loading logistics distribution with time windows, and the changes in the logistics operating cost, the number of vehicles and average loading rate under different compartment partition modes are compared and analyzed. This study shows that when the number of types of goods required by customers is equal to the number of compartment partitions of vehicles, and the areas are divided according to the cargo types, the lowest logistics operating cost, the minimum number of vehicles and the highest average vehicle loading rate can be obtained.

Key words: three-dimensional loading, logistics distribution, GA-TS hybrid algorithm, service time windows, carriage compartment partition

摘要： 针对城市物流配送优化研究在客户服务时间窗和货物装载方式合理结合方面存在的不足,考虑物流配送车厢货物装载方式与客户访问序列相关的特征对车厢空间进行合理的区域划分。首先,构建了包含配送中心的固定成本、配送车辆的运输成本、维修成本、租赁成本和违反时间窗惩罚成本的物流运营成本最小化和配送车辆空间利用率最大化的双目标优化模型;然后,提出一种结合遗传算法(GA)全局搜索能力和禁忌搜索算法(TS)局部搜索能力的GA-TS混合算法求解模型;最后,结合重庆市某配送中心的三维装载物流配送实例数据进行了优化计算,实验结果给出了带时间窗的三维装载物流配送路径优化方案,并进行了不同车厢空间分区模式下平均装载率、物流运营成本和车辆使用数的比较分析。研究表明,当客户需求货物种类数与车辆的空间区域划分数相等且按货物类型进行区域划分时,物流运营成本最小,配送车辆使用数最少和车辆平均装载率最高。

关键词: 三维装载, 物流配送, GA-TS混合算法, 服务时间窗, 车厢空间分区