Abstract: The efficiency and effect of knowledge diffusion affect the creative ability of the communities of practice. Considering the influence of knowledge heterogeneity on knowledge diffusion in communities of practice, this paper introduces knowledge niche, compares the degree of overlap of knowledge niche of members in communities of practice, and constructs a knowledge diffusion model of the communities of practice. It defines the different situations of the interaction among members of the communities of practice, solves the knowledge diffusion model, gets the corresponding stable equilibrium points, and uses phase diagram analysis method to verify it. Finally, we use MATLAB to do numerical simulation. The results show that the degree of overlap of the knowledge niche has an important effect on knowledge diffusion. The degree of influence among the members of the communities of practice greatly influences the equilibrium point of the knowledge diffusion model. When the knowledge of the members in the communities of practice is complemented, it is the most efficient and effective form to knowledge diffusion. The research results provide a theoretical basis for promoting knowledge diffusion in communities of practice.

Key words: communities of practice, knowledge diffusion, knowledge niche, numerical simulation

摘要： 实践社群知识扩散的效率和效果影响实践社群的创新能力。通过考虑实践社群成员知识异质性对知识扩散的影响,引入知识生态位的观点,比较实践社群成员知识生态位的重叠程度,进而构建实践社群知识扩散模型,考虑实践社群成员间的相互作用,对知识扩散模型进行求解,得到相应的稳定均衡点并利用相图分析法进行验证,最后利用MATLAB进行数值仿真研究。结果表明:实践社群成员知识生态位的重叠程度对知识扩散效果有重要影响,实践社群成员间影响程度的大小对实践社群知识扩散模型均衡点有显著影响,实践社群成员知识表现为知识互补时,实践社群知识扩散的效率与效果最优。研究结果为促进实践社群知识扩散提供理论依据。

关键词: 实践社群, 知识扩散, 知识生态位, 数值仿真