运筹与管理 ›› 2019, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 11-18.DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0122

• 理论分析与方法探讨 • 上一篇    下一篇

自然灾害区域疏散的预警优化模型研究

孙典1, 宋艳2, 苏子逢3,4   

  1. 1.清华大学 公共管理学院 应急管理研究基地,北京 100084;
    2.上海外国语大学 国际工商管理学院,上海 201620;
    3.北京大学 博士后流动站,北京 100871;
    4.国家开发银行 博士后科研工作站,北京 100032
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-16 出版日期:2019-06-25
  • 作者简介:孙典(1990-),女,辽宁沈阳人,博士后,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为危机管理,风险管理,应急疏散;宋艳(1974-),女,吉林榆树人,教授,博士,研究方向为危机管理;苏子逢(1990-),男,辽宁沈阳人,博士后,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为危机管理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(71771061);哈尔滨工程大学重大战略研究计划(HEUCFW170903);黑龙江省哲学社科基金青年项目(16GLC05);黑龙江省青年科学基金(JJ2016QN0645);国家自然科学基金青年项目(71804084)

Research on Optimization of Regional Evacuation Warning Model

SUN Dian1, SONG Yan2, SU Zi-feng3,4   

  1. 1.Center for Crisis Management Research, School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China;
    2.College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China;
    3.Postdoctoral Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    4.Postdoctoral Workstation, China Development Bank, Beijing 100032, China
  • Received:2017-05-16 Online:2019-06-25

摘要: 在可预知的灾害来临前,交通堵塞问题是影响应急疏散效率的主要因素。在灾前防御阶段,有策略的发布预警消息可以使疏散更加有秩序的进行,从而提高疏散效率。本文为区域应急疏散预案构建了应急疏散预警发布研究框架,首先建立了避难点分配模型,将其结果代入到疏散预警模型,来优化特定地区预警发布时间和类型。其中,预警模型加入了时间成分,构建成了多时段模型,并使用贪婪的启发式搜索过程求解非线性的公式。最后,通过算例分析了模型算法的应用范围及其可行性,并用模拟退火算法进行了计算,验证了本算法的有效性。本研究更改以往在同一时间通过全部渠道发布消息的方式,通过疏散预警信息的发布策略的优化,可以有效避免在区域内大规模人群同时出发所导致的交通拥堵现象,为政府制定科学的应急疏散预案提供理论和技术支持。

关键词: 疏散预警, 风险沟通, 应急疏散预案, 优化算法

Abstract: The traffic congestion is the main factor affecting the efficiency of emergency evacuation before the strike of a foreseeable disaster. In the stage of disaster preparation, sending warnings judiciously could make evacuation orderly so as to help evacuation efficiency. This paper proposes a framework for emergency evacuation warning sending. We first develop a model for shelter assignment, and then use it to theevacuaion warning model, which optimizes the timing and type of warning sending in specific zone. There is a time component to the evacuation and we model it using a multi-period model and the development of an iterative greedy heuristic procedure for the non-linear formulation. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to show the applicability and feasibility, and calculated by using simulation annealing algorithm to demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm. This study proposes the approach can optimize the evacuation warning issuance strategy instead of sending messages from all sources at the same time. This approach helps to avoid traffic congestion caused by large-scale evacuation at the same time, and thus to provide theoretical and technological support for government to make scientific emergency evacuation planning.

Key words: evacuation warning, risk communication, emergency evacuation planning, optimization algorithm

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