关键词: 交通规划, 船舶交通管理系统, 雷达站选址配置, 障碍物遮挡, 雷达衰减, 粒子群算法

Abstract: By 2021, China had had 135679 civil transport vessels, and the vessel traffic flow in China's coastal and inland water area had grown rapidly. The rapid growth of vessel traffic flow has led to an increasing number of waterway transportation accidents. The frequent occurrence of waterway transportation accidents will not only endanger the safety of shipping vessels, persons and property, but also damage the environment and cause serious impact on the development and usage of water areas. In order to ensure the safety of ship navigation, the maritime authorities need to rely on the vessel traffic service (VTS) to regulate and ensure waterway transportation safety.
VTS system is the main equipment of China's maritime authorities for waterway safety supervision, and the location of VTS radar station, an important part of the system, has a significant impact on the safety and security efficiency of the whole system. As a result, it is necessary to study the VTS radar station location and configuration model. The traditional VTS radar station location and configuration optimization model is more suitable for the application scenario where there are no large objects such as mountains and forests in the station building environment, and the difference between the VTS radar station and the monitored water area in terms of altitude is not big. While in the actual station building situation, there are a certain number of mountains and forests in many station building environments, which may affect the electromagnetic wave propagation to a certain extent, and then affect the VTS radar monitoring performance in the whole water area. Meanwhile, the traditional location and configuration model of VTS radar stations is built in the form of one-to-one monitoring.
With regard to the above factors, this paper takes the problem of obstacle blockage, attenuation of radar radio wave propagation, and the need for alternative coverage for single radar failure into account, and proposes a multi-objective location and configuration model for VTS radar stations based on the idea of collective coverage, and designs a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm with adaptive weight and introduces the ZDT series test function to analyze the performance of the algorithms. Then an example verification is conducted based on the VTS radar station building project. The algorithm is used to solve the proposed mathematical model quickly, and the example results verify the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm. Then a sensitivity analysis and discussion on the maximum coverage radius factor based on the results obtained from the example are applied, and the results show that deploying a radar with better performance may be more effective than building more VTS radar stations. And in actual environment decisions need to be made on a case-by-case basis. The proposed model and algorithm also provide solutions for the location and configuration of VTS radar stations in real-world environments.
However, the location and configuration of VTS radar stations in the actual environment is a comprehensive and systematic project that requires consideration of many factors, so the location decision can be made from several factors, such as the common assumptions of oil spill radar and other factors in the location process, while the algorithm used in this paper can be further improved to improve the accuracy and scientificity of the solution.

Key words: transportation planning, vessel traffic service, radar station location and configuration, obstacle occlusion, radar attenuation, particle swarm optimization