关键词: 多目标优化, 风电企业, 国际化发展, 风险管理

Abstract: The international development of wind power enterprises in China is one of the strategic measures to achieve enterprise growth and sustainable competitive advantage. It is of great significance for China’s major strategic needs and economic transformation and upgrading to achieve “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”. The issue of risk management in the national development of wind power enterprises has become an increasingly urgent practical issue. However, research on the international risk of wind power enterprises mostly focuses on qualitative research, lacks a comprehensive and systematic study of risk factors, and there is a serious lack of quantitative and empirical research on risk. The practical guidance significance for risk management and control in the cross-border operation of China’s wind power industry is limited.
This article first systematically sorts out 12 risk factors involved in the international process of wind power enterprises from three dimensions: environmental risk, inherent risk, and control risk, based on risk sources. These factors mainly include political relations, national economic level, wind power technology development, social stability, wind power market, wind power assets, human resources, financial resources, international management, technological innovation, marketing, and strategic management. The impact of these risk factors on the international competitiveness and performance level of enterprise international development is analyzed.
Secondly, the risk management problem of international development of Chinese wind power enterprises is abstracted as a multi-objective optimization problem. The known conditions are the risk level of each risk factor, the cost of improvement, and the degree of its impact on the competitiveness and international performance of the enterprise. The decision-making objectives mainly include minimizing enterprise risks, maximizing enterprise competitiveness, and maximizing enterprise international performance. The constraint is that the improvement cost of all risk factors does not exceed the upper limit of the enterprise budget, and some risk factors may have to choose to accept and respond to risks due to huge costs, such as local political risks or external disruptive technological risks. The key assumptions are that the international development performance of wind power enterprises is affected by the improvement of risk factors, the expected output of wind power enterprises is inversely proportional to the level of risk, and the competitiveness of wind power enterprises is affected by the improvement of risk factors.
Thirdly, constructing a risk management strategy model for the international development of wind power enterprises in China. This model is a typical multi-objective 0-1 integer programming model, which uses the weighting method to linearly combine the three objectives into a single objective. Essentially, it transforms the multi-objective problem into a single objective optimization problem to solve. Using three algorithms, namely enumeration method, greedy algorithm, and dynamic programming algorithm, to solve and conduct comparative analysis.
Finally, taking a domestic wind power enterprise as an example, a numerical example is constructed to verify the effectiveness of the model. Based on a comprehensive consideration of the impact of various risk factors on the international performance and competitiveness of the enterprise, domestic wind power enterprise managers and experts in the international business field of wind power enterprises are introduced to quantitatively score the importance of risk factors and the cost of improvement, and the scores are uniformly dimensionless processed, 7 different value combinations for the weights of the three decision objectives are set, and the obtained data are substituted into the optimization model for solution. The calculation results indicate that, considering the risks, competitiveness, performance, social stability, marketing, and strategic management in the international process of wind power enterprises, all three risk factors should be improved. The political relationship situation should not be improved, and preparations for risk response should be made. Other risk factors need to be determined based on different decision-making preferences to determine whether to improve.
This study provides methodological support for comprehensively considering the performance, competitiveness, and risk prevention of wind power enterprises in the international process, and proposes risk management improvement strategies for the international development of wind power enterprises in China. It can further track the actual application effect and adjust the model and algorithm accordingly, making the established optimization model more and more realistic.

Key words: multi-objective optimization, wind power enterprises, international development, risk management