海运服务链中的运力定价和空箱调运责任研究

运筹与管理 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 101-108.

海运服务链中的运力定价和空箱调运责任研究

许垒¹, 卜祥智², 冯立攀¹, 李春发¹

1.天津理工大学管理学院,天津 300384;
2.汕头大学商学院,广东汕头 515063

收稿日期:2013-03-25 出版日期:2021-05-25
作者简介:许垒(1983-),男,山东广饶人,博士,副教授,研究方向:现代物流与供应链管理,行为运作管理和收益管理等;卜祥智(1976-),男,汉,山东青州人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为:物流及供应链管理、收益管理、运营管理等。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(71302005);教育部人文社会科学规划项目(11YJC630006);天津市科技发展战略研究计划(13ZLZFZF03500);广东省哲学社会科学“十二五”规划项目(GD11YGL01);汕头大学学术创新团队项目(ITC10004)

Capacity Pricing and Empty Container Repositioning Responsibility in a Sea-cargo Service Chain

XU Lei¹, BU Xiang-zhi², FENG Li-pan¹, LI Chun-fa¹

1. School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China;
2. Business School, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China

Received:2013-03-25 Online:2021-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文研究了单个承运商和两个货运代理在双向港口间提供往返货运服务的航运服务链。由于港口间货运需求的内在不平衡,货运公司在多港口间的空箱调运会产生巨大的空箱调运费用。分别构建了承运商承担和承运商与货运代理共同承担空箱调运的数学模型,通过数学模型和数值算例分析了不同市场条件下的空箱调运责任和运力定价策略。研究发现承运商和货运代理是否采用定价策略来平衡需求取决于双向港口间货运市场的潜在需求差异。同时,承运商与货运代理的空箱调运分摊为非此即彼策略,当空箱调运成本大于某阈值时,承运商独自承担空箱调运责任;反之,货运代理承担空箱调运责任。而且货运代理承担模式增加整个海运链的利润,但进一步加剧空箱的不平衡状况。

关键词: 海运服务链, 运力定价, 空箱调运责任, 成本分摊策略

Abstract: This paper studies a sea-cargo service chain with one carrier and two forwarders providing transportation service between two bidirectional ports. To sustain the business, firms have to reposition empty container from a surplus port to a shortage port and incur repositioning cost if the realized demands are unbalanced. We build a stackelberg game model in two cases: empty container repositioning responsibility of the carrier and one forwarder, and analyze the optimal capacity pricing policies and empty container repositioning decisions of the carrier and forwarders. Through model analysis and simulation, it is found that whether the carrier and forwarders employ capacity pricing policy to balance the cargo demands depends on the potential demand imbalance between the bidirectional ports. When the repositioning cost is above a threshold, the carrier bears all the repositioning cost. Otherwise, the forwarder solely bears the repositioning cost. And in the latter case, the optimal capacity pricing policy will aggravate the potential imbalance between the two ports, which will increase the value of the whole supply chain.

Key words: sea-cargo service chain, capacity pricing, empty container repositioning responsibility, cost sharing policy

中图分类号:

U169.6
F550

许垒, 卜祥智, 冯立攀, 李春发. 海运服务链中的运力定价和空箱调运责任研究[J]. 运筹与管理, 2014, 23(5): 101-108.

XU Lei, BU Xiang-zhi, FENG Li-pan, LI Chun-fa. Capacity Pricing and Empty Container Repositioning Responsibility in a Sea-cargo Service Chain[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2014, 23(5): 101-108.

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