Abstract: In recent years, the precipitous rise in carbon emissions has exacerbated the greenhouse effect, leading to environmental challenges such as global warming, which has emerged as some of the most formidable challenges faced collectively by the global community. Gradually, carbon taxes have evolved into a predominant instrument for developed countries to regulate carbon dioxide emissions. As one of the world's most significant carbon emitters, China is on the cusp of instituting a carbon tax system that is congruent with its national context, in alignment with its policies aimed at achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets.The manufacturing industry stands as a linchpin of China's economic growth. Concurrently, this sector has become the second-largest source of carbon emissions in China, thus emerging as a pivotal area that influences the realization of China's dual carbon objectives. The advent of dual carbon policies has necessitated a reassessment of existing production schedules, compelling enterprises to reconcile green initiatives, safety protocols, and profitability within a novel operational paradigm.
The economic production quantity (EPQ) model posits that the economic production quantity over each operational cycle is a critical decision-making factor that influences overall profitability. Concurrently, the malfunctioning and failure of production equipment can directly impede the attainment of EPQ objectives, underscoring the significance of maintenance strategies in the formulation of production policies. Extant research has thoroughly examined the joint optimization of production and maintenance for production equipment thatadheres to a singular failure mode. However, in practical production processes, the production workflows of many enterprises tend to be more intricate, and the assumption of a single failure mode may not adequately simulate the actual failure patterns of equipment within the production chain.
Against this backdrop, this paper delves into the joint optimization issue of economic production and condition-based maintenance for a production system characterized by competing failure modes. The system in question is susceptible to two types of independent failures, either of which, if occurred, would result in production cessation and necessitate system maintenance. By integrating considerations of carbon emissions, economic production quantities, equipment inspection, and maintenance, a production decision-making model is formulated. This model scrutinizes the impact of carbon tax costs on corporate production and maintenance decisions, with the objective of minimizing expected costs per unit of time. The economic production quantity and preventive maintenance thresholds are treated as decision variables, aimed at identifying the optimal production and maintenance strategies.
The empirical numerical examples substantiate that inspection and maintenance strategies under a green production framework diverge from traditional economic production strategies. Given a static scenario where the levels of demand and the pricing of cost factors remain unaltered, the pricing mechanism of carbon taxation exerts a pivotal influence on the optimal strategic decisions of enterprises. An optimization model that incorporates carbon tax considerations can further diminish the expected costs per unit time, fostering a win-win scenario for green economics and contributing to the realization of dual carbon goals.
For manufacturing enterprises, the application of this model facilitates the establishment of rational batch production plans and maintenance strategies, which can aid in reducing expected costs and carbon emission pollution per unit time. From a governmental perspective, the conclusions drawn from this study offer a reference for policy formulation. They are conducive to crafting a carbon tax system that possesses punitive strength without dampening the production enthusiasm of manufacturing enterprises. Such a system can expedite the deployment of clean energy and the construction of a clean energy framework.

Key words: economic production quantity model, competing failure, green production, carbon tax

摘要： 生产制造业作为我国经济发展的支柱产业,是经济发展的重要推手和主要支柱,与此同时,制造业已成为我国第二大碳排放源,具有高投入、高消耗与高排放特征,是影响我国碳达峰、碳中和目标的关键领域。作为制造业个体,“双碳”政策对原有生产安排有何影响？如何在生产中兼顾绿色、安全和效益？在已有的经济生产批量和视情维修联合优化模型的基础上,综合考量碳税、竞争失效下的生产决策方法,以单位时间期望费用最小化为目标,将经济生产批量和预防性维修阈值作为决策变量,求解最优的生产和维修策略。结果表明:考虑绿色生产下的检测及运维策略不同于传统的经济批量生产策略,考虑碳税因素的优化模型可以进一步降低企业的期望费用,有利于更好的实现绿色经济双赢, 助力双碳目标实现。

关键词: 经济生产批量模型, 竞争失效, 绿色生产, 碳税