Quality Control Mechanism in Supply Chain Based on Contract and Relationship Governance

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, quality control mechanism is studied in a supply chain that consists of one supplier and one manufacturer. We discuss the choice of governance mechanism to improve product quality and coordinate the supply chain, when the manufacturer and supplier make concerted efforts to improve the quality. Quality control decision is analyzed in three different scenarios which include cooperation, formal contract governance and relationship contract governance. Considering the scenario of cooperation as a benchmark, we compare the effect of two governance mechanisms on supply chain performance. It shows that the combining governance mechanism of relationship and contract governance can get better effect of coordination due to higher effort of quality control.

Key words: formal contract governance, combining governance, supply chain coordination, quality control

摘要： 本文考虑制造商和供应商共同努力改进产品质量的情况,研究在一个制造商处于领导地位的二级供应链中,如何通过有效的治理机制设计,提高产品质量水平,协调供应链。文章以理想的协同情况为基准,分析了两种治理机制下的质量努力程度,比较了正式契约治理与契约和关系混合治理对供应链效率的影响。结果表明,关系和契约混合治理在有效范围内能够将制造商和供应商紧密地联系起来,通过共同的质量努力获得比正式契约治理下更大的利润,实现供应链协调。

关键词: 供应链治理, 质量控制, 委托代理模型, 契约设计

CLC Number:

F224
F274

SHI Dan, LI Yong-jian. Quality Control Mechanism in Supply Chain Based on Contract and Relationship Governance[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2014, 23(2): 15-23.

石丹, 李勇建. 基于契约和关系治理的供应链质量控制机制设计[J]. 运筹与管理, 2014, 23(2): 15-23.

References

[1] Lim W S. Producer-supplier contracts with incomplete information[J]. Management Science, 2001, 47(5): 709-715.
[2] Chao G H, Iravani S M R, Savaskan R C. Quality improvement incentives and product recall cost sharing contracts[J]. Management Science, 2009, 55(7): 1122-1138.
[3] Dai Y, Zhou S X, Xu Y. Competitive and collaborative quality and warranty management in supply chains[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2012, 21(1): 129-144.
[4] 洪江涛,黄沛.两级供应链上质量控制的动态协调机制研究[J].管理工程学报,2011,25(2):62-65.
[5] 肖迪,潘可文.基于收益共享契约的供应链质量控制与协调机制[J].中国管理科学,2012,20(4):67-72.
[6] 但斌,任连春,张旭梅.质量影响需求下的二级供应链协调模型研究[J].工业工程与管理,2010,(4):1-4.
[7] Cannon J P, Achrol R S, Gundlach G T. Contracts, norms, and plural form governance[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2000, 28(2): 180-194.
[8] Poppo L, Zenger T. Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements?[J]. Strategic management journal, 2002, 23(8): 707-725.
[9] Liu Y, Luo Y, Liu T. Governing buyer-supplier relationships through transactional and relational mechanisms: evidence from China[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2009, 27(4): 294-309.
[10] 王颖,王方华.关系治理中关系规范的形成及治理机理研究[J].软科学,2007,21(2):67-70.
[11] Baker G, Gibbons R, Murphy K J. Relational contracts and the theory of the firm[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002, 117(1): 39-84.
[12] 王安宇,司春林,骆品亮.研发外包中的关系契约[J].科研管理,2007,27(6):103-108.
[13] Levin J. Relational incentive contracts[J]. The American Economic Review, 2003, 93(3): 835-857.
[14] Debo L, Sun J. Repeatedly selling to the newsvendor in fluctuating markets: the impact of the discount factor on supply chain[R]. Working paper, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 2004.
[15] Tunca T I, Zenios S A. Supply auctions and relational contracts for procurement[J]. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2006, 8(1): 43-67.
[16] Daido K. Formal and relational incentives in a multitask model[J]. International Review of Law and Economics, 2006, 26(3): 380-394.
[17] Plambeck E L, Taylor T A. Partnership in a dynamic production system with unobservable actions and noncontractible output[J]. Management Science, 2006, 52(10): 1509-1527.
[18] Ren Z J, Cohen M A, Ho T H, et al. Information sharing in a long-term supply chain relationship: the role of customer review strategy[J]. Operations research, 2010, 58(1): 81-93.
[19] 宋寒,但斌,张旭梅.服务外包中双边道德风险的关系契约激励机制[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,(011):1944-1953.
[20] Cachon G P. Supply chain coordination with contracts[J]. Handbooks in operations research and management science, 2003, 11: 227-339.
[21] Gurnani H, Erkoc M, Luo Y. Impact of product pricing and timing of investment decisions on supply chain co-opetition[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 180(1): 228-248.
[22] Kaya M, zer . Quality risk in outsourcing: noncontractible product quality and private quality cost information[J]. Naval Research Logistics(NRL), 2009, 56(7): 669-685.