Abstract: Through theoretical analyses and laboratory experiments, in the capacity allocation games with both complete information and incomplete information, this paper investigates the impact of smallest-order-first mechanism on retailers’ ordering decisions in the situation of supply shortage. Theoretical results show that the order decision in the smallest-order-first mechanism does not exceed the market demand and does not change with the operational costs. Experimental data show that, in the complete information capacity allocation games, subjects’ orders are larger than the predictions of standard theory, operational costs influence subject’s ordering behavior, and experience effect exists in subjects’ repeated games; in the incomplete information capacity allocation games, there is no significant difference between subjects’ decisions and standard theory. These studies provide both theoretical and empirical supports to the applications of smallest-order-first allocation rule in the practice.

Key words: smallest-order-first, ordering decision, laboratory experiment, supply shortage, behavioral operations management

摘要： 通过理论分析与实验研究相结合,在完全信息和不完全信息两种模式下,探讨供应短缺情景中小订单优先分配规则对零售商订货决策的影响。理论结果表明,小订单优先诱导零售商制定不超过真实市场需求量的订货决策,并且订货量不随运作成本而改变。实验数据表明,完全信息模式下,被试者的订货量高于理论预测值,不同运作成本的订货决策存在显著差异,并且被试者在不断重复决策中存在学习效应;不完全信息模式下,被试者的订货量与理论的预测没有显著偏差。这些研究结论为小订单优先分配规则的实践应用提供了理论和实证依据。

关键词: 小订单优先, 订货决策, 实验研究, 供应短缺, 行为运作管理