Abstract: Grassroot police organ is the fundamental force for maintaining social harmony and stability. However, the problem of insufficient police resources has restricted a further improvement of policing effectiveness, coupled with the fact that police organs have limited methods to evaluate the efficiency of police resources allocation at the grassroot levels. Therefore, the ability to check the current situation of policing efficiency needs to be improved. At present, the quantitative research on police resources allocation is relatively rich, and various quantitative research methods have been appropriately applied in it, but there is a lack of a dynamic time comparison perspective. The DEA model is applicable to a wide range of objects, and can calculate the production efficiency of various units. The model has been relatively mature after years of development, and can further consider the external factors and the efficiency changes from the vertical perspective of time. Based on the above analysis, this study will employ a three-stage DEA-Malmquist model to analyze the dynamic evolution efficiency and external impact factors.
The specific steps of this study are as follows: At the first stage, the DEA-Malmquist model analysis of the original data is used to evaluate the initial static efficiency and dynamic efficiency of the grassroot police organs, and the slack variables of the police resources input will be obtained. At the second stage, SFA regression analysis will be used to eliminate the influence of environmental factors and random errors on the slack variables of police resources input in the first stage. At the third stage, the adjusted DEA-Malmquist model, according to the adjusted input value of police resources and the original police output value, will be used to calculate the real static efficiency and dynamic efficiency values of the grassroot police organs. Since the grassroot police station is the entity with the most extensive content of police activities, most of the police resources are prone to being allocated to the police station. In this study, we take the Police Bureau of District A as the sample unit. Considering the continuity of handling administrative cases, especially criminal cases, as well as the lag of daily data statistics, the data period selected for this study is 2017-2019.
By conducting a comprehensive evaluation of police resources allocation efficiency, we get the following empirical analysis results: (a)the police resources allocation among police stations is prone to scale inefficiency, with high overall pure technical efficiency and little gaps; (b)environmental factors can affect the efficiency of police resources allocation and widen the gap in efficiency values; (c)the technical change of police stations is mainly influenced by police policies; (d)compared with the scale efficiency, it is more difficult to achieve progress in pure technical efficiency of police stations; (e)the total factor productivity growth of police stations is mainly driven by the technical change; (f)the longitudinal indexes of urban police stations are more sensitive to the environmental impacts. According to the above research results, this study further proposes the following implementation suggestions to better improve the allocation efficiency of police resources. At the conceptual level, we should establish and strengthen the concept of scientific efficiency and technological innovation. At the resource allocation level, we should identify the scale and the structure of police resources allocation reasonably, improve the quality and motivation of police human resources, as well as optimize the safeguard and supervision mechanism of police funds. At the management level, we should improve the evaluation system of the efficiency of police resources allocation and exert the optimization effect of police policies on police resources allocation.

Key words: grassroot police organs, efficiency of police resources allocation, three stage DEA-Malmquist model

摘要： 基层公安机关是维护社会和谐稳定的基础力量,科学评价其警力资源配置效率,对于实现警务现代化具有重要意义。本研究运用三阶段DEA-Malmquist模型,对2017-2019年A区公安分局的警力资源配置效率进行实证分析。研究结果表明:基层派出所的警力资源配置易呈现规模无效,整体纯技术效率高且差距小;辖区人口等环境因素会扩大警力资源配置效率值的差距;基层派出所的技术进步主要受公安政策的影响;同规模效率相比,基层派出所的纯技术效率进步实现更困难;基层派出所全要素生产率的增长主要由技术进步发挥作用;城区派出所的纵向指数对环境影响更为敏感。最后,从理念、投入和管理三个层面给出提高警力资源配置效率的策略和建议。

关键词: 基层公安机关, 警力资源配置效率, 三阶段DEA-Malmquist模型