Table of Content

25 August 2017, Volume 26 Issue 8

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

Multi-objective CuckooSearch Algorithm for Bi-level Programming Problems

SONG Yu-jian, ZHANG Jian-tong

2017, 26(8):  1-10.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0180

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The bi-level programming problem(BLPP)addresses an optimization problem with leader-follower hierarchical?structure, an NP-hard problem in the strong sense. The BLPP is reformulated into an equivalent single-level constrained optimization problem by using the KKT conditions associated to the lower-level problem. Further, the derived problem is transformed into a bi-objective optimization problem by a constraints handling scheme, i.e., introducing a new objective of minimizing constraints violation. For the resolution, a multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm is proposed. In the algorithm, the Pareto dominance and ε-comparison rule are adopted in purpose of exploiting the information of in-feasible solutions to efficiently guide the search process. Additionally, an archive is used to store better-performing candidate and a Gaussian mutation is applied on it in order to search promising solutions. Then, some worstest individuals are periodically substituted by the archive. The computational experiments and parameter analysis claim the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Polynomial-time Algorithms for Aircraft Rerouting under the Disruption of a Single Aircraft

HU Yu-zhen, SONG Yan, XU Bao-guang

2017, 26(8):  11-18.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0181

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Aircraft recovery is one of necessary conditions to promise normal operation of airline production during flight rescheduling. Aircraft recovery problem based on traditional objectives, however, is NP-hard. In this paper, we propose a new polynomial-time algorithm for the aircraft rerouting problem based on min-max objective after the disruption to a single aircraft in a fleet. Based on the common operation of airlines when facing the flight rescheduling problem, we define the objective of the problem as the minimization of the maximal flight delay time firstly. After analyzing several characteristics of the problem and the objective function, a solution construction algorithm is proposed to solve the problem, the time complexity of which is analyzed to be O(n²). The new algorithm has ess time complexity than general min-max bipartite graph matching algorithms, time complexity of which is O(n³log(n)). A case study also illustrates the effectiveness of the solution construction algorithm. The outcome of this research could provide theoretical and practical supports for airlines to reduce flight delays.

The Newsvendor Model That Demands Can Be Extended to Meet

LI Gang, MA Wei-ming, YANG Rui-chen

2017, 26(8):  19-26.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0182

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In view of the logistics demand that cargos are not always needed to send at the first time, merchants should design and offer suitable service. Based on typical operations management practice, using cargo space booking optimization problem as an example, this paper put forward a new kind of newsvendor model that demand can be extended to meet. Upon reviewing the previous research on newsvendor model systematically, this paper analysis its similarities and differences to the basic newsvendor model and the key difficulty to solve, discuss the existence and uniqueness of the solution, explore a approach through which this problem can be translated into the basic newsvendor model, build “Newsvendor-Dichotomy of Bolzano iterative algorithm” to solve it, validate its correctness and effectiveness with double numerical simulation by training and test dataset. The important value of this paper is that it proposed a new kind of operating model for demand management: For stochastic demand which can be extended to meet, “demand stocking” can be realized by offering compensation, the demand and supply can be well utilized bothly, the server and consumer can reach win-win and the social welfare can be promoted.

Based On Populations of Elite Regional Learning Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm

CAI Wan-gang, CAI Zhi-wei, ZHENG Jian-guo

2017, 26(8):  27-33.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0183

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In order to further improve the convergence speed differential evolution algorithm accuracy and stability, using a variety of techniques to increase the population convergence rate and reduce complexity; the use of elite regional learning strategy algorithm global search capability and algorithms further enhance the accuracy of the introduction of immune self-adaptive search strategy in order to achieve variation factor and crossover factor adaptive differential correction algorithm. Through five test functions, the proposed algorithm with the latest literature comparison algorithm, show the superiority of the algorithm in convergence speed, high precision aspects optimization capability dimensional problem.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Social Responsibility in the Food Supply Chain Enterprises

LI Mei-ling, ZHANG Qiang, ZOU Zheng-xing

2017, 26(8):  34-44.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0184

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In the process of food industry developing with Internet, frequent incidents about food safety have aroused widespread concern on social responsibility in food supply chain at home and abroad. Under the above context, this paper established evolutionary game model on social responsibility between food manufactures and third-party e-commerce platform and set up some related parameters and variables hypothesis based on some actual conditions. We also analyzed the influence of parameter variation on evolutionary stable equilibrium strategy, expecting to bring certain reference value for the study of social responsibility in the food supply chain.

Competition Models and Competitive Behaviors for Transboundary Water Resources

ZHENG Jun, ZHANG Yong-qing,WANG Shun-lin

2017, 26(8):  45-53.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0185

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The issues of transboundary water resources competition and water security are receiving increasing attention mainly due to the scarcity and imbalanced distribution of water resources. First, this paper proposes three improved institutional structures, in order to inhibit excessive competition, enhance regional cooperation and utilities, and protect eco-system. Second, by utilizing Sun’s Diagram and mathematical models, the overall utilities within the basin, competitive equilibrium and behaviors are compared under different mechanisms, resulting in validation of these improved institutional structures. Finally, some suggestions are given accordingly for China government engaging in the competition for transboundary water resources.

Game of Cooperatives “Big-farmers Eat Small-holders”

ZHANG Yong-qiang, ZHANG Xiao-fei, GAO Yan-lei, ZHOU Ning

2017, 26(8):  54-58.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0186

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The heterogeneity of the big-`farmers and small-farmers’ resource endowments makes the two sides have game behavior in the cooperative activities and management activities of the cooperatives. In this paper, the dynamic game theory of complete information is used to analyze the process of big-farmers and small-farmers. The result of the game is that the big-farmers is getting benefitted and the small-farmers is losing interest, and then form the reality of “big-farmers eating small-farmers”. In order to achieve the best of Pareto, it is necessary to establish a perfect cooperative reward and punishment mechanism, increase the government’s support for the normative cooperatives, and reduce the large heterogeneity, becoming the situation of mutual cooperation and common benefit between big-farmers and small-farmers in order to promote the sustainable development of cooperatives.

A Large Group Decision Method with Different Kinds of Uncertain Preference Based on Set Pair Analysis

YANG Lei, QI Guo-huai

2017, 26(8):  59-66.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0187

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For large group decision making problems with different kinds of uncertain preference, a group decision making method is put forward based on set pair analysis. Three kinds of uncertain preference, thus the interval number, triangular fuzzy number and linguistic value, are transformed into contact numbers, which retained the certainty and uncertainty of uncertain preference.Aninterval clustering algorithm has been put forward, and it is used to assign weights to the members under the situation that the decision weights of the members are unknown. The weighted comprehensive connection numbers are used to aggregate thepreference of large group. Thenthe order of the schemes is given according to the potential size of the schemes.This method has avoided the subjectivity while the weight is given. At the same time, it considers the certainty and uncertainty of the decision information, and improves the credibility of the decision results. Finally an example proves the validity and practicability of the method.

Optimal Recovery Strategies of Home Appliance Trade-in Scheme under EPR

LI Chun-fa, ZHU Lang-mei

2017, 26(8):  67-75.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0188

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The trade-in recycling problem of waste products concentratedly decided by household appliance producers and retailers under the restriction of Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)Is researched. We conduct trade-in recovery strategy optimization model with the goal of profit maximization based on the analysis of home appliance consumer marker structure, and establish the Stackelberg game models of competition between government and enterprises in accordance with the characteristics of EPR system in China’s home appliance industry, and then study the firm’s old-for-new recovery pricing decisions at the time of optimum environmental benefit of the government subsidies and fund policy; Meanwhile, we compare the corresponding results with common unified-price scheme when the firm does not participate in recycling. The conclusions show that the effect of the optimum environmental benefit of the government subsidies and fund policy under the constraint of the EPR on the trade-in scheme on the sales, profit and recycling quantities depends on the cost structure, the composition of the consumers, the customer preference and its recovery processing capacity. Decision makers of firms should decide whether or not to launch a trade-in campaign in accordance with different scenarios.

Optimal Allocation of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities in Destination Charging Stations

HAN Yu-dong, REN Rui-li, XU Mao-zeng

2017, 26(8):  76-84.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0189

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To study the facilities optimization problem of destination charging station in urban business districts, this paper sufficiently considered the differences of charging time of fast and slow charging facilities as well as the heterogeneity of customers accepting the charging time, the queuing theory model about two kinds facilities was proposed, which had connected the same kind facilities together as a large service facility. And this paper could verify the feasibility of the parallel idea through the comparison analysis of some index values of the queuing model M/M/1 and M/M/n. Then, this paper would take the fast and slow charging facilities after parallel into the queuing system model of multiple services with unequal window capabilities, and take the calculated arrival rate and demand probability of fast and slow charging facilities as the parameters to work out steady-state equations and some related index values, and then take those result into the optimized objective function of this queuing model, which was established with the minimum cost for the builders and users, to obtain the optimization result. Finally, through illustrative examples and comparison it proved that this method in the paper had a certain feasibility and superiority.

Shift Scheduling Based on Multi-skill, Multi-channel and Changing Cost in Logistics Contact Centers

WANG Xiao-na, LI Jun-xiang

2017, 26(8):  85-91.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0190

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In logistics contact centers, as the agents with multiple skills serve the customers by various channels at different times, the staffing cost is high and changing. It is necessary to design a reasonable shift scheduling for saving the staffing cost. By continuous working time, break time and the match of skill groups and channel groups in the contact center, a multi-phased shift model is proposed to optimize the scheduling. Firstly, the model A is built, which gives a scheduling with continuous working time and a scheduling planning. Next, the model B is constructed, which joins the break time constraints, and a shift covering matrix is obtained. Finally, the model C is given, which adds scheduling adjustment constraints based on the model B, and the channel groups are adjusted under each multi-skill group to give an optimal scheduling program that conforms to the actual situation. With an example of logistics enterprise and the comparison of various schemes, the numerical experiments verify that the given model is effective. The scheduling method provides a new idea to the contact centers, and also has some reference values for other service fields.

Pricing and Ordering Strategies of Supply Chain with Fairness-concerned Retailer and Demand Depending on the Retail Price

CHEN Jian-xin, ZHOU Yong-wu

2017, 26(8):  92-98.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0191

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Fairness-concerned retailer is considered in traditional supply chain with three kinds of demand modes. Firstly, we adopt the profit of the core manufacture as the fairness reference point to model the utility function of fairness-concerned retailer. The paper examines how supply chain performance is affected by fairness concerns preference. The results show that the optimal pricing of fairness-concerned retailer increases in fairness-concerned parameter and wholesale price. The optimal ordering decreases in fairness-concerned parameter and wholesale price. The traditional wholesale price contract cannot coordinate the supply chain and the buyback contract can coordinate the supply chain under certain condition. The numerical examples are also illustrated at last. It is expected that our research can provide some theoretical guidance and reference for logistics business in practice.

Supply Chain Analysis for Electric Vehicle Considering the Product’s Environmental Quality and Consumer Inertia

SHAO Lu-lu, YANG Jun, YANG Chao

2017, 26(8):  99-108.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0192

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Potential customers are divided into two classes, according to whether they own the traditional vehicles. Based on the consumers who have different buying behavior, utility models for the two classes’ consumers are built according to consumer buying behavior theory. Manufacturer’s optimal pricing strategy and the optimal subsidy policy of the government are derived adopting the Stackelberg game theory. Furthermore we analyze how the three factors including product’s environmental quality, original proportion of traditional vehicles and the consumer inertia affect the EV’s adoption, government subsidy and manufacturer’s profit when government maximizes the social welfare which concludes manufacturer’s profit, consumer surplus, government spending and environmental benefits. The research result shows that when the production cost is less than certain threshold values, the increase in EV’s environmental quality results in the increase in EV’s market demand and also causes the decrease in the demand of traditional vehicle, and vice versa. As the EV’s environmental quality increases, government’s optimal subsidy also increases when the manufacturer has a high production efficiency of EV, and the optimal subsidy decreases when EV’s production efficiency is low, so government will increase the subsidy to encourage manufacturer to pursue high production efficiency. Finally, the numerical experiment result is presented to verify the theoretical result and further illustrate the effects of the three factors mentioned above on manufacturer’s profit.

Pricing Strategy of Closed-loop Supply Chain with Patent Protection under Retailer Price Leadership Structure

WEN Hui, CAO Xiao-gang, TAO Jian-ping, LI Ji-zi

2017, 26(8):  109-114.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0193

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Many retailers are usually in the leading position of the supply chain. We study the closed-loop supply chain with patent protection in which the retailer has the price leadership, and obtain the optimal strategies of the retailer, the original manufacturer and the re-manufacturer using game theory, and the changing law of the optimal strategies with respect to the remanufacturing cost savings. The study indicates that as the remanufacturing cost savings increases, the optimal unit patent licensing fee and collection price of used products increase gradually, and the optimal wholesale and sale price decrease gradually. Furthermore, we find the profit of the retailer, the re-manufacturer and the supply chain system all increase gradually, and the profit of the originally decreases gradually from the numerical example.

Application Research

Dynamic Assessment Method of Urban Critical Infrastructure System Physical Interdependency Vulnerability

WANG Shi-ying, LI Xiang-yang, YU Feng

2017, 26(8):  115-122.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0194

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Taking urban critical infrastructure systems(CIS)as the research object, this paper divides the physical network among three different types of critical infrastructures into individual level, medium level and system level, and then analyzes the urban CIS internal physical interdependency mechanism from the perspective of physical potential. According to urban CIS physical interdependency features, this paper researches manifestation of big system(Macro) from activities of critical infrastructure(Micro)by introducing a bottom-up research method named Cellular Automata(CA), and then using cellular connectivity,the states of norm cellular and transmission efficiency as indexes of vulnerability, estimates system vulnerability of different time points and takes the average weighted over a period of time as the final vulnerability value to implement the dynamic vulnerability assessment of urban CIS physics interdependency; Last, taking S city as an example, it verifies the reasonability and effectivity of this dynamic vulnerability assessment method, and the results also can provide the suggestions for urban CIS protection.

Pricing Strategy of Horizontal Cooperation Network Platforms in Two-sided Markets

ZHANG Qian-fan, MA Ning

2017, 26(8):  123-132.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0195

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Taking the horizontal cooperation of network platforms as the background, this paper analyzed the effect of degree of differentiation of product and service, congestion effect and inter group network externality on the pricing strategy in the frame of Hotelling model, based on the assumption that the bilateral users are partly multi-homing and considering the prerequisite that horizontal cooperation can improve the users’ intrinsic benefit. The result suggested that when the inter group network externalities of bilateral users are different, with the enhancement of congestion effect or the improvement of differentiation of product and service, both the established platform and the new platform charge one side higher and another side lower transaction fees; when the inter group network externalities of bilateral users are equal, each platform charges bilateral users the same transaction fees which are only related to users’ intrinsic benefit and the amount of transaction. The research showed that the new network platforms shouldn’t use price war strategy to contend for markets which is usually used in the traditional two-sided markets, they’d better take an active part in horizontal cooperation to compete with the established platforms through high quality and good price of product and service.

Is Posted-Price Mechanism Better? ——Evidence from Online Lending Market

DONG Chen-ke

2017, 26(8):  133-140.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0196

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As transaction data and credit data accumulate, interest price mechanism in peer-to-peer lending has moved to posted price mechanism. A leading peer-to-peer lending company in China has accomplished the promotion of loan quality and decreased default rate after changing to posted price mechanism. This step also improved investors bidding behaviors and bidding percentage, and decreased herding behavior. Using Propensity Score Match method, the author finds that compared to former price mechanism which can be concluded as “borrower chooses price-platform chooses borrower”, platform under posted price has the information advantage to recognize and price loan interest. Posted price mechanism also increases interest distinction degree between good loan and bad loan to decrease information asymmetry. Interest rate discrimination perfectly explains all the changes in trading behavior. This attempt to post price mechanism improves platform’s operation performance.

Research on the Correlation Analysis Between the Natural Futures Prices and Spot Prices

XING Wen-ting, ZHANG Zong-yi, WU Sheng-li

2017, 26(8):  141-145.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0197

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Based on the strong nonlinear characteristic between natural gas futures prices and spot prices. Considering the correlation of the profits between the natural gas real-time market and futures market and the statistical characteristics of the profit series, in this paper we establish the dependence portfolio model-Gumbel Copula-(GARCH-GED,GARCH-t)based on the advantages of the copula function and the GARCH model. We analysis the dynamic correlation among the natural gas futures price and spot price based on the model. The empirical results show that the GARCH-GED model is effective in fitting time series of the spot prices and futures prices; the time-varying Symmetrized Joe-Clayton(SJC)Copula function is effective in analyzing correlation between the spot prices and futures prices; there is asymmetrical tail dependence between the natural gas futures prices and spot prices , the lower tail correlation is stronger than the upper tail correlation.

Dynamic Matching of Entrepreneurial Process and Incubation Resources

ZHANG Bao-jian, PEI Meng-dan , SUN Guo-qiang, CHEN Mei

2017, 26(8):  146-156.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0198

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The business incubators need to provide matching services combined with entrepreneurial process. In this paper, the entrepreneurial process and business incubation are combined to construct a system dynamics model and the resource matching model is studied in different periods. The results show that improving entrepreneurial resources in business incubators alone cannot promote the number of incubated companies. And the combination of entrepreneurial resources and the proportion of enterprises in various stages of the promotion can achieve the desired goal. Further, this study finds that adjusting incubation time in different stages can increase the income of business incubators and the total number of incubated companies in the case of established entrepreneurial resources. In this way, there is likely to have a waste of entrepreneurial resources and the hierarchical design of evaluation system can effectively avoid this problem. Finally, this paper provides policy recommendations of evaluation mechanism combined with the Chinese business incubation practice.

Study of the Effectiveness of Pricing for SSE 50ETF Option: Based on B-S-M Model and Monte Carlo Model

FANG Yan, ZHANG Yuan-xi, QIAO Ming-zhe

2017, 26(8):  157-166.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0199

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As the first pilot option product in China’s capital market, the pricing of Shanghai Stock Exchange(SSE)50ETF option is particularly important. In this paper, both Black-Scholes-Merton(B-S-M)method and Monte Carlo simulation method will be used for SSE 50ETF option pricing. The empirical analysis indicates that: 1, IGARCH model is better than the traditional GARCH model in characterizing the dynamic volatility for SSE 50ETF options return; 2, with 1000 simulation running, Monte Carlo simulation methods are consistently more efficient than B-S-M; furthermore, except for quasi-Monte-Carlo simulations with dual variable, all pricing obtained from other Monte Carlo methods are more accurate than the one from B-S-M; 3, both B-S-M method and Monte Carlo simulation method can accurately and effectively simulate the SSE 50ETF options pricing. This study will provide the essential reference and guidance for the development of future option pricing model.

Management Science

An Analysis of Strategic Commitment in firms’Innovation Alliances under Cost Uncertainty

GE Ze-hui, LI Qian, DAI Shu-fen

2017, 26(8):  167-173.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0200

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Technology innovation has been paid more attention to, and cooperation between enterprises from different industries have become one of the most efficient ways to break the predicaments of resource dilemmas for enterprises. However, opportunism behavior will decrease cooperative motivation and alliance stability.Therefore enterprises usually make a commitment in advance to avoid opportunism.What kind of commitment should be made to effectively avoid opportunism behavior of business partners and improve cooperation performance?This paper focus on the strategy commitment with uncertain cost and uncertain joint innovation level, and analyze its impact to cooperation innovation behavior.This paper also puts forward the concept of state dependent commitment, and find out that strategy commitment can decrease effect from uncertainty, increase innovation input and improve cooperation performance, especially for the upstream firms. This paper theoretically proposes strategy commitment’s positive role in cooperation innovation, especially in stimulating supplier in participating in the new product development and research.

Overconfidence Agent’s Incentive Mechanism Considering Long-term and Short-term Effort

SUN Shi-min, WU Qian, ZHANG Lin-yu, WANG Yan-mei

2017, 26(8):  174-186.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0201

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This paper regarded “relative net profit” as performance measurement standards to design agent’s compensation contracts. It established non-monetary utility measurement models and agent’s optimal incentive model to explore the influence of various factors on agent’s effort and performance share proportion, which took into account agent’s overconfidence degree and his long-term and short-term effort, distinguished the conflict and non-conflict between short-term effort and long-term effort. It found four major conclusions as follows: First, agents in monopoly industries make less effort than ones in competitive industries and the greater the monopoly earnings proportion is, the less effort agents make. Second, the relationship between monopoly earnings proportion and performance share ratio is affected by overconfidence degree of agents and clients, that the greater the monopoly earnings proportion is, the higher the performance share proportion is when agent’s overconfidence coefficient is higher than principal’s, on the contrary, the conclusion is opposite when agent’s overconfidence coefficient is lower than principal’s. Third, the higher the agent’s overconfidence degree to favorable condition and the lower to unfavorable position is, the greater the agent’s effort and performance share proportion are; the higher the principal’s overconfidence degree to favorable condition and the lower to unfavorable position is, the lower the agent’s effort and performance share proportion are. Four, agent’s effort is positive correlation with marginal non-monetary income and displays negative correlation with marginal non-monetary cost.

Sustainable Multi-machine Scheduling Problem Considering Carbon Emission

WANG Jun

2017, 26(8):  187-192.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0202

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In the multi-machine production environment, a sustainable scheduling problem is considered which is allowed to turn off the machines in the machining gap periods. A mathematical programming model is established to minimize carbon emission. In the model, the decisions of job assignment, the start times to process jobs, whether to switch the machines in the machining gap periods are made simultaneously. For solving the model, a tabu search hybrid algorithm is designed. An enterprise case is firstly studied to validate the model and algorithm. Then, some simulation examples are solved to analyze the efficiency of the algorithm. The results show that the sustainable scheduling method has a large amount of carbon emission reduction in the machine scheduling level.

Scheduling in Heterogeneous Multi-coreSystem for Hierarchical Hybrid Local Search Strategy

YAO Li-sha, WANG Zhan-feng, CHENG Jia-xing

2017, 26(8):  193-199.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.##

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Genetic algorithm is prone to premature and weak in local optimisation capabilityto solve the problem oftasks scheduling for heterogeneous multi-core system.In light of this, with the local search algorithm and genetic algorithm combined,this paper proposesa genetic algorithm for hierarchical hybrid local searchcreatively to solve the problemof tasks scheduling forheterogeneous multi-core system.In this algorithm, the initial population is generated by the new hierarchical optimization strategy, 3-opt algorithm will be applied to some individuals for optimisation and variation,the improved Lin-Kernighan algorithm will be employed for optimization for those excellent individuals in the population. The simulation results show that the proposed genetic algorithm for hierarchical hybrid local search can get high-quality solution efficiently when applied to solve the problem oftasks scheduling for heterogeneous multi-core system.