Table of Content

25 December 2013, Volume 22 Issue 6

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

Multi-objective Optimization Model on Facility Layout Problem with Uncertain Aisles and its Genetic Algorithm

JIN Chun, TAI Shi-wen, GAO Peng, FU Ming-zhu, MENG Qiu-nan

2013, 22(6):  1-10. 

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This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model of facility layout problem with the unfixed location of the entrance, exit and the main aisle and designs its improved genetic algorithm for the facility layout problem of logistics centers. First, the mathematical programming model is established with the multi-objective concerning minimizing the material handling costs, maximizing the degree of activity relation and maximizing area utilization requirements with the unfixed position of the entrance, exit and the I-type main aisle. Then an improved genetic algorithm is put forward which includes improved coding and decoding, modification operation, and design on the fitness function in penalty function strategy. Finally, an actual experiment is illustrated to verify the efficient and stable performance of the proposed algorithm. The result has shown that the solution has a satisfactory, stable and compact layout.

The Scheduling Model and Solving Algorithm of the Satellite Data Receiving

JIANG Wei, PANG Xiu-li, LI Li-xin

2013, 22(6):  11-20. 

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Satellite data transmission and receiving is one of the two important stages on earth observation satellite executing the tasks of users, and it is an optimization problem with multi-time windows and multi-resources constrains. As the important component of data transmission system, the relay satellite can provide the possibility that the data can transmit all-weather and real-time. The paper mainly expounds these two jobs about the data relay data relay system. Firstly, we set a data transfer containing risk control scheduling model. Secondly, we combine the Tabu Search and Gene Algorithm to solve the model. Furthermore, we adopt distributed parallel computing strategy to improve the convergence rate and robustness of the algorithm. Finally, the distributed simulation system validates the effectiveness of the algorithm and data transfer scheduling model.

Two Phase Optimization of Combination Weighting

JIANG Wen-qi, ZHU Yan

2013, 22(6):  21-25. 

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To solve the problem of combination weighting with more alternatives, the paper supposes an algorithm of two phase optimization. In the first phase, the paper selects some alternatives through sided t-test based on the order of every alternative in each attribute, which will optimize samples of combination weighting. In the second phase, a combination weighting model is given which combines two goals: minimizing the deviation between combination weight and subjective weight, and between combination weight and objective weight; maximizing the deviation between alternatives. Finally, an example shows the process of the method.

Heuristic Algorithm for Min-Max Vehicle Routing Problem

WANG Xiao-bo, REN Chun-yu, YUAN Ye

2013, 22(6):  26-33. 

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In order to satisfy the individual and various demands, this paper establishes min-max vehicle routing problem for shortening the longest sub-lines, and the heuristic algorithm is used to get the optimization solution. First, a natural number coding is used so as to simplify the problem, and the best retention selection method is used so as to make the diversity of group. The study adopts the hill-climbing algorithm to strengthen the partial searching ability. Secondly, the stock elite group obtained by genetic algorithm is searched again with tabu searching algorithm in order to guarantee the algorithm converging to the global optimization. Finally, the results demonstrate that the algorithm is better than both genetic algorithm and tabu searching algorithm. This algorithm provides the thought to settle the large scale practical problem.

A Multiple Objective Uncertainty Assignment Problem and the Study of Its Algorithm

FU Xiao-wei, GUO Qiang, MA Qin-qin

2013, 22(6):  34-38. 

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To study under the conditions of the number of each person's jobs is unlimited, but every job is completed by only one person, how to allocate existing jobs we can get the shortest duration of all jobs, and in the case of the shortest duration how to allocate these jobs can make the whole completed time least. For the multi-objective and non-deterministic assignment problem, a vector-sign algorithm is proposed , and this algorithm is not only convenient, but also has good computational efficiency.

A Primal-dual Interior Point Algorithm for a Class of Convex Programming Problem with Linear and Box Constraints

ZHANG Yi

2013, 22(6):  39-44. 

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In this paper, we present a primal-dual interior point algorithm for a class of convex programming problem with linear and box constrains. The algorithm can be started at any primal-dual feasible interior point and admits the global convergence. When the initial point is close to the central path, it becomes a central path-following algorithm. Numerical experiments show the proposed algorithm is effective for the large scale problems.

Robust Optimization for Multi-Stage Location-Routing Problem with Stochastic Demand Under Emergency Logistics

SUN Hua-li, WANG Xun-qing, XUE Yao-feng

2013, 22(6):  45-51. 

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To improve the response capability of emergency logistics system, a stochastic demand location-routing problem in emergency logistics system is studied. Relief commodities requirements of demand points are presented by intervals based on robust optimization and emergency relief procedures are divided into multi-stages, then the model of emergency location-routing problem with multi-materials multi-vehicles is developed to minimize the total system costs and total transportation time. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The results show that the model and algorithm are effective for resolving the location-routing problem with stochastic demand in emergency logistics system, and it can provide scientific decision-making for government responding to major emergencies.

New Algorithm for The Time Limited Transportation Problem

SUN Wen-long, ZHANG Fa-ming

2013, 22(6):  52-56. 

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According to the reality of the goods distribution process where a variety of external factors will lead to the unpredictability of sales time, the authors present a new solving model which is based on the commonly used solution by the models of the time limited transportation problem. The new model is more applicable to the more demanding transporting time. Compared with previous models, it is more accurate, more applicable to the reality of the market environment. A example is given to verify the effectiveness of the model proposed.

Research on Vehicle Routing for Scarce Emergency Relief Supply Dispatching in a Emergency

SU Bing, ZHANG Meng, JI Hao

2013, 22(6):  57-64. 

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For the practical case that the total amount of emergency relief supplies is scarce and can not meet the demand of all points, minimum the maximum shortage of each demand point, a emergency relief supply dispatching vehicle routing model based on one distribution center, limited amount of vehicles and time windows is established, and analyze the solutions of the model for three different cases of shortages. For the case that shortages result in vehicles can not reach demand points within rescue time requirement even go along the shortest path, after deleting the demand of this kind of demand points, if the total demand of remaining demand points is not bigger than the amount of emergency relief supplies, and with enough vehicles, this problem can be transformed into shortest path problem and solved. For the case that shortages result in the total amount of emergency relief supplies is scarce and can not meet the demand of all points even with enough vehicles, exact algorithm A^* is designed, and show that the time complexity is, where m and n denote the number of vehicles and demand points, respectively. For the case that shortages result in the total amount of emergency relief supplies is scarce and the amount of vehicles is inadequate that can not dispatch all the supplies to demand points, approximation algorithm GA* is designed, show that the time complexity is, and analyze the approximation ratio of algorithm GA^*. Take the local network of Yiliang earthquake disaster area in Yunnan as an example, confirm the model and algorithms are effective.

Research on Imputation for Cooperative Games with Fuzzy Coalitions

GAO Jing, ZHANG Qiang

2013, 22(6):  65-70. 

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The solution to the cooperative games with fuzzy coalitions is researched based on the uncertainty of the coalition formation in reality. A new imputation method for cooperative games with fuzzy coalitions, namely the equal allocation solution, is defined. The sufficient condition of the equivalence between this solution and Shapley value for cooperative games with fuzzy coalitions is put forward in this paper. Finally, the property of Shapley value is also discussed. Meanwhile, an numerical example for this is given in the paper.

Research on the Multiple Attribute Decision Making and Application Based on ImprovedIntuitionistic Fuzzy Aggregation Operators

WU Chong, WANG Qi

2013, 22(6):  71-77. 

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Based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory, the improved intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operator is presented to research the multiple attribute decision making problems. In this paper, we define the algorithms of intuitionistic fuzzy and compare the intuitionistic fuzzy information integrated operators. Then we improve the classic score function, combine that with the intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators and hence obtain a new method to integrate intuitionistic fuzzy information. This method is applied to solve the intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making problems with known attribute weights. Finally, an example is shown to illustrate the effectiveness and procedure of the proposed method.

Method Based on Fuzzy Entropy-Entropy Weight for Hybird Multi-attribute Decision Making

ZHAO Meng, REN Rong-rong, LI Gang

2013, 22(6):  78-83. 

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For the problem of the hybrid MADM for interval number, intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and linguistic variables, this paper proposes a method to determine the attribute weight based on fuzzy entropy. This method changes the interval number to the intuitionistic fuzzy number by standardized method, and unites the information of the decision in the same framework by building the relationship between the intuitinistic fuzzy numbers and the linguistic variables. Then it uses the model of the entropy weight to determine the objective weights range of the attributes, gets the objective weights by the liner programming model of the minimum of the fuzzy entropy, and gets the combined weights by combining subjective weight method. At last it gets the ranking results by the method of the relative entropy. A numerical example illustrates the validity and applicability of the proposed method.

Multi-criteria Decision Making Method Based on Interval Numbers of Four Parameters

HU Jun-hua, LIN Zeng-yu

2013, 22(6):  84-91. 

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As for the multi-criteria decision-making problems in which criteria weights and the criteria values of alternatives are both in the form of interval numbers of four parameters, a method based on aggregation operators for solving multi-criteria decision-making with interval numbers of four parameters is proposed. Firstly, the concepts regarding the interval number of four parameters, the weighed continuous interval number of four parameters OWA(WCFP-OWA)operator and the weighed continuous interval number of four parameters OWG(WCFP-OWG)operator are defined. Secondly, the criteria weights in the form of interval number of four parameters are converted into crisp data by continuous interval numbers of four parameters OWA(CFP-OWA)operator. Furthermore, the overall values of every alternative are calculated based on the WCFP-OWA operator or WCFP-OWG operator and the best alternative is chosen by ranking the values. Finally, a practical example of evaluating exploration companies illustrates the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method.

Multi-project Portfolio Model with Bankruptcy Risk

XU Wei-jun, LUO Wei-qiang, ZHANG Wei-guo

2013, 22(6):  92-98. 

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The premise of the expected returns for investors is the investment decision does not lead to bankruptcy. So controlling the probability of bankruptcy is essential. According to the credibility measure theory and the Roy's definition, we obtain the mathematic equation of bankruptcy risk control when the future cash flow is being the fuzzy variables. Under the effect of the bankruptcy factors in the investment process, we propose a multi-project portfolio decision model with bankruptcy risk control. Finally, we use the genetic algorithm to solve our proposed model, and a numerical example of project portfolio is given to illustrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Research on Error-eliminating Decision-making Method Under Uncertainty

HUANG Hao-ran, GUO Kai-zhong

2013, 22(6):  99-104. 

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In the study of Decision Making under Uncertainty(DMUU), this paper putsforward two hypotheses and the concept of Error. Then the paper presents the concept of error-absolute-lost value and builds an error-absolute-lost matrix. Three decision-making methods as Error-Eliminating Centrifugation, Error-Eliminating TOPSIS and Error-Eliminating Projection are given. Finally, the paper combines the three methods by the method of Copeland and builds a compound decision-making model. An example is used to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this model.

A Stochastic User Equilibrium Model for Supply Chain Versus Supply Chain Competition With Customer Choice

GUO Jie

2013, 22(6):  105-109. 

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This paper explores supply chain versus supply chain competition model with customer choice preference. Based on stochastic user equilibrium theory, variational inequality and logit model, the market share and product price about the winning supply chain are examined, and the competition equilibrium model can interpret reasonably the customer's choice preference for the same product. The paper concludes with a numerical example and proposes future research ideas.

Dynamic Model and Coordination Strategy of Supply Chain with Sticky Price

CHEN Zhao-bo, SUN Jia-yi, YAO Feng-min, TENG Chun-xian, MIAO Shi-di

2013, 22(6):  110-116. 

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Considering the supply chain composed of a manufacturer and a retailer, this paper uses dynamic games theory to study how the manufacturer and retailer decide the optimal wholesale price and retail price respectively to maximize their own long-term profit under the condition of sticky price. Firstly, the Hamilton-Jacobi -Bellman equation is used to obtain the manufacturer's optimal wholesale price and the retailer's optimal order quantity under Stackelberg game. Secondly, a numerical example is presented to verify the necessity coordination the supply chain system. Finally, a quantity discount contract is used to coordinate the supply chain system, and the effectiveness of coordination is also proofed in this paper.

Pricing Decision in Dual Channel Supply Chain Under Asymmetric Manufacturer's Risk Averse Information

WANG Hong, SUN Yu-ling, ZHOU Jing

2013, 22(6):  117-122. 

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For a dual channel supply chain consisting of a risk averse manufacturer's direct channel and a risk averse retailer's channel, this paper studies the prices of direct channel and traditional retail channel when the risk averse value of manufacturer and retailer are common information. Then it analyzes the channel prices when the risk averse value of manufacturer is his own private information. And the required conditions of perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium are studied. It is shown that the retailer's optimal retail price type is consistent with manufacturer's optimal direct price type, and even the retailer has belief revision. But the manufacturer has several choices of pricing decision. Under different parameter conditions, there are separating equilibrium, pooling equilibrium and semi-separating equilibrium in the dynamic game under asymmetric information.

Supply Chain Coordination With Wholesale Price Contract When Lateral Transshipment among Multi-retailers Exists

CHEN Jing-xian, CHEN Yu, SHI Guo-hong

2013, 22(6):  123-131. 

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This paper studies the wholesale price contract that coordinate a supply chain under the multi-location transshipment environment. We investigate a supply chain system, which consists of one manufacturer and multi retailers. The retailers, who possibly pool their inventories to satisfy unmet demand, that is, movement of a product among the retailers. We prove that a supply chain system may be coordinated with the wholesale price contract by stochastic comparison methods, and we describe the coordinating conditions in mathematical expression. Thus, we make an analytical comparison of the optimal order quantity, wholesale price and expected revenue between the transshipment case and the non-transshipment case. Furthermore, we develope a Stackelberg game model to study the influence of transshipment policy on manufacturer's revenue. Besides, we find that a wholesale price contract may coordinate a supply chain by inducing the manufacturer to choose the whole supply chain system's best price, which corresponds to the optimal order quantity. Then, we show the coordinated conditions to this model. Numerical results show the computation and simulation results about optimal order quantity, as well as a wholesale price and expected revenue. Such conclusions demonstrate that whole sale price contract may coordinate the supply chain system with pooling retailers, and traditional double marginal effect will be mitigated because of manufacturer's rationality and retailers' rationality.

Application Research

Mechanism Design and Modeling Study for Purchasing and Inventory Optimization of China Daqing Oilfield Materials

CHEN Jin-xia, LI Wen-dong, FAN Lin-xian, YU Fang

2013, 22(6):  132-139. 

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Combined with the practical problems in material purchasing of China Daqing Oilfield, considering the uncertainty and complexity in market, inventory, and demand of material procurement, this paper studies three kinds of inventory optimal methods respectively, including price time-varying, demand time-varying and inventory model under different capacity constraints. Furthermore, a mechanism in purchasing and inventory optimization is designed. Then, four kinds of materials are selected for simulation. The result shows that, based on the high forecasting accuracy of price, using the 0-1 mixed integer programming method, the optimal joint purchasing strategy for multi-item can reduce the procurement cost by 7.66%, and the forecasting result obtain a high evaluation form users. The mechanism can provide reference for the decision support system in the oilfield material purchasing and inventory optimization project. However, some improvements are still needed in the mechanism and models.

A Multi-phases Information Aggregation Method Based on Stratified Incentive Control Line

YI Ping-tao, FENG Xue-li, GUO Ya-jun, ZHANG Dan-ning

2013, 22(6):  140-146. 

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Aiming at multi-phases evaluation information aggregation question in timing ordering dynamic comprehensive evaluation situation, we provide an aggregation method based on the idea of stratified incentive control line. This method can guide individuals or organizations to realige breakthrough development by stratified inspiring. First, we define the stratified incentive principle, and give the determination method of incentive control line. Then, we develop an aggregating model with the feature of reward and punishment. At last, a numerical example is used to illustrate the validity of this method. This method can accelerate alternatives growth with long-term use in practice, and it also can weaken or avoid the condition in which alternatives may regress.

Research on Evaluation Model Based on Social Network Analysis

LI Gang, CAO Hong-gang, CHEN Kai, ZHANG Xue

2013, 22(6):  147-152. 

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The main work of this paper is to solve multi-attribute decision making problems through the evaluation model on social network analysis. First, we build the relational matrix of single index based on the index data of all the evaluation objects. And then, we add all the relational matrix of single index to get the total-relational matrix. Finally, we calculate the centrality of the total-relational matrix, and determine the results and the orders of the evaluation by the centrality. The paper analyzes the development of human all-round development of Liaoning. The empirical process verifies the validity of the evaluation model. Because the social network analysis can determine the relationship of the elements, the main innovation and contribution is that we can Construct relational matrix based on the index data, reflecting the size relationship of the index data. When we do not need to calculate the index weights and index scores, we can calculate the centrality of the total- relational matrix, determine the results and the orders of the evaluation by the centrality, and sloue the problem of multi-attribute decision-making.

Research on Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Influence Factors in China Based on Optimal Combination Weights

MENG Fan-sheng, LI Mei-ying

2013, 22(6):  153-160. 

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The paper summarizes the main influence factors of energy efficiency in China, including industrial structure, technological progress, energy consumption structure, economic development level, market degree and opening degree, constructs index system of energy efficiency influence factors in China. Then, establishes energy efficiency evaluation model based on Optimal Combination Weights and analyses the energy efficiency and influence factors from 2000 to 2011 in China as empirical analysis. Empirical results show energy efficiency in China has an upward trend, energy efficiency improves significantly; the proportion of secondary industry output value accounted for GDP, the proportion of heavy industry output value accounted for industrial output value, the proportion of secondary industry growth value, R&D investment, the proportion of tertiary industry output value accounted for GDP and the proportion of coal consumption accounted for total energy consumption are the main influence indexes of energy efficiency in China, however, the proportion of natural gas consumption accounted for total energy consumption and the proportion of water, nuclear, wind consumption accounted for total energy consumption have relatively little influence on energy efficiency in China.

Licensing and Social Welfare in Duopoly: Based on the View of Endogenous Technology Innovation

QI Yong, HOU Ze-min, XIANG Tao

2013, 22(6):  161-167. 

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Constructing a duopoly model of licensing with endogenous cost-reducing innovation in horizontal difference, we compare profit, consumer surplus, social welfare and degree of technology innovation under different patterns of licensing. It is found that the patent holder will always increase its profit through two-part tariff or royalties. Royalties can yield the optimal profit while fixed-fee may lead to profit loss. Consumer surplus and social welfare are maximized under the regime of fixed-fee compared with two-part tariff and royalties. The degree of innovation depends on the pattern of licensing and the degree of substitution between the goods. No matter what the degree of substitution is, two-part tariff can achieve the highest degree of innovation.

Research on Optimization Degree Evaluation of Energy Structure Under Low-carbon Economy Paradigm

FAN De-cheng, WANG Shao-hua, ZHANG Wei, JIA Li-jiang

2013, 22(6):  168-176. 

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The structural contradictions are mainly shown as the energy bottleneck in China. Based on theory of energy economics, this paper puts forward three dimensions which are social and economic benefits, energy planning benefits as well as environment benefits, from the perspective of requirements of low-carbon economy to energy structure. Analyzing elements of the various dimensions,it identifies twelve measurement indexes and the weight of each index by the theory of rough set, combined with AHP,establishing the low-carbon factor. Based on this, it sets the grading standards, and it carries on comprehensive measurement and evaluation of multi-indexes for optimization degree of energy structure by unascertained measure evaluation model for ten provinces. The results show the indexes, including planning of renewable energy,energy efficiency, carbon dioxide and COD, are important to the optimization degree evaluation of energy structure, not the population or the situation of energy supply to demand, and illustrate thet validity of the approach and rationality of the assessment result.

Research on Nonspecific Time Dynamic VaRModel Based on Simple Moving Average Trading System

WU Ya-jun, HUI Xiao-feng

2013, 22(6):  177-183. 

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In order to obtain stable and continual return, more and more investors and institutions choose trading system based on certain trading rules. In this context, it is of great importance to import VaR method for risk management. In this paper, simultaneous equations and nonspecific time dynamic VaR model are built to research on 5~60 daily line of Shanghai stock market index, while the test results show that the accuracy of the model is good. Meanwhile, the trading strategies have been optimized and the results obtained is also meaningful.

Decision Model of Delayed Payments and Inventory Impawn Financing Based on D-S Theory

YAN Ying, YE Huai-zhen, CHEN Si, SUO Bin

2013, 22(6):  184-190. 

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Because of uncertainties in market, there are several uncertain factors in inventory impawn financing and delayed payments, such as cash discount rate, inventory impawn financing rate, and lost sale penalty cost. These uncertain factors have important impacts on enterprise profits. As a consequence, it is difficult for an enterprise to decide which business to select. To solve this problem, enterprise profit models under the methods of inventory impawn financing and delayed payments are derived first. Then the decision model of business selection is proposed based on evidence theory. In this model, profit difference between inventory impawn financing and delayed payments is taken as the object function. Based on evidence reasoning, lower and upper probability distributions of profit difference are constructed with belief and plausibility functions, with which the decision-making basis for the two businesses is proposed. The simulation results show that, inventory impawn financing is not always better than delayed paymentsto an enterprise demanding for funds. In a special market, best selection within these two businesses should be made based on the calculation results of proposed decision model.

Study on the Influence of Investor Sentiment on Fund Herding Effect

JIA Li-na, HU Wen-xiu

2013, 22(6):  191-199. 

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Extensive literatures prove that herding behavior exists in fund managers, but the literatures appear to include little research that conducts an empirical investigation to explain the behavior of institutional investors herding.To address this issue,this study examines whether prior investor sentiment explains the level of fund manager herding.The study employs the principal component analysis as the means of extracting the composite sentiment measure,and uses the fund number of top ten circulation shareholders to measure manager herding.The results indicate that investor sentiment plays a significant role in explaining subsequent fund herding,and fund managers make the negative-feedback strategies in the previous quarter investor pessimism(optimism)sentiment.

Design and Implementation of Performance Evaluation System of Youth Science and Technology Talent

TAI Lei-lei, LIU Xiao-feng

2013, 22(6):  200-203. 

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The performance evaluation index and the system model are designed in accordance with the developmental needs and the growth characteristics of young talents in science and technology. Combing the division and process of a few major functional modules with system software parameter setting and operation, we design a fair, comprehensive and reasonable performance evaluation system. It will ensure the relative fairness in performance assessment, promotion and payment, which then provokes young talents to be devoted to efficient and creative research work in science and technology. It provides abundant stimulation for original and long-term independent innovation and development of enterprises.

Management Science

Research on Knowledge Spillover Effect in the Process of Knowledge Application Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory

ZHANG Tie-nan, YUAN Jing-ting, TANG Shu-lin, ZHAO Jian-yu

2013, 22(6):  204-214. 

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This paper introduces two concepts named “concentration of knowledge” and “speed of knowledge application”, and uses system dynamic equations of knowledge dilution effect to explain the mechanism of knowledge spillovers. Meanwhile,the research analyses the characteristics of knowledge spillovers mutations from the perspective of catastrophe theory,and uses the method of substitution to transform the system dynamic equations referenced on the catastrophe theory, then sets up the cusp catastrophe model for state of knowledge spillover, and discusses the criterion rule between the changes of control factors in the knowledge dilute system and the state of knowledge spillovers,and illustrates knowledge spillovers features in knowledge application process such as a sudden jump, hysteresis effect and the changing mechanism of cusp catastrophe between knowledge accepting and knowledge spillover. Finally,the paper makes an empirical research by using the panel data of 31 provincial-level administrative region of China, and indicates the knowledge spillover state and change and the development trend taking each province as a whole, which provide some use for reference to the local economic development and knowledge strategy decision.

Research on the Fitness with Industry Type and Interorganizational Information Systems' Topological Structure Based on Structure Cost

ZHUANG Wei-qing, LIU Zhen-yu

2013, 22(6):  215-224. 

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This article analyses the aspect of interorganizational information systems(IOS)applied to management and operation in the sense of network topological structure. It firstly proposes the concept of structure cost, and then builds the cost model of IOS. It quantifies and compares the corresponding structure cost of different IOS topologies by programming model, and further studies the applied problem of fitness with industry type and IOS topology based on structure cost and other related issues. The results show that firmly maintaining its competitive IOS structure location in the supply chain to pay will reduce transaction costs with other firms and similarly, firmly pursuing its more competitive IOS structure location in the supply chain to pay will reduce transaction costs with others. On the one hand, the structure cost being introduced can analyse the cost advantages of kinds of topologies of IOS better, and has an important impact on what topology of IOS to organization joins and builds, and thenis extended to the industry. Also, this paper contributes to expanding the theoretical system of IOS.

Research on the International Oil Price Fluctuation and Oil Import's Influence on GDP

ZHANG Chuan-ping, NIU Xiao-liang

2013, 22(6):  225-231. 

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Based on the historical data of international crude oil price, by statistical methods,it is proved that the fluctuation of international oil price takes on Markov property. China's oil import price is regarded as Markov chain and probability of state transition is calculated. After summarizing China's import strategies, the loss of GDP caused by every strategy under each state is estimated and linear programming model for optimal strategy is founded. The result shows that, even under the condition that the optimal strategy is carried out, the fluctuation of the international oil price can still make a loss to GDP of 47.078 billion yuan.

Construction of Air Freight Network for Express Company

HE Ming-ke, CHENG Hong-jing

2013, 22(6):  232-242. 

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The construction of rational air freight network is one of the important means to improve the competitiveness for express enterprises. Hub-spoke air freight network is an effective model to integrate air freight resources, to improve efficiency of resource utilization, and to increase the competitiveness of express enterprises. This paper establishes a Hub-Spoke air express model from three aspects, i.e. hub location decisions, assignment relationship decisions and hub number decisions, with the goal to achieve the lowest air freight network cost and shortest express processing time. Based on this, this paper chooses genetic algorithm to compute the costs of networks with different number and locations of hubs. Gravity model is applied to the determination of assignment relationship, and super-efficiency DEA model is applied to decide the number of hubs. Finally, the model and algorithm are verified to be very effective in the real case of SF express company, which includes 17 nodes in the network and is going to be extended rapidly. The model and algorithm prove to be useful for express companies to establish an efficient and responsive Hub-Spoke network to gain competitiveness.

On Characteristics of Creative-type Scientific Research Group in College——Take State Key Laboratory of Life Science Department as Case Study

WANG Shi

2013, 22(6):  243-248. 

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As a “national team” of creative-type scientific research group and national public research platform facing for the international research frontier, the state key laboratories were established to organize high-level basic research, strategic technology research and important common technology research. All those state key laboratories relying on Chinese famous universities are typical representatives of Chinese innovative research team, following the director responsibility management system, so directors of the state key laboratory are decision-making leaders and managers of creative-type scientific research group. We choose the state key laboratory of life science section as the study sample and try to find general characteristics of creative-type scientific research group in Chinese famous universities.

Research on Environmental Regulation Models Based on Multiple Principal-Agent

XUE Hong-yan, WANG Yi, SUN Fei, SUN Yi-de

2013, 22(6):  249-255. 

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The game relations are the important factors which affect pollution abatement among the enterprise, government and environmental regulatioin agency in pollution abatement. By game theory,this paper analyzes the possibility of collusion between the enterprise and environmental regulatioin agency ,and the necessity of government supervision under the circumstance of asymmetric information.The paper also establishes multiple principal-agent model which includes the stage of contract design and supervision and the stage of collusion.Based on it, we get the key variables which affect the stakeholders' behaviros.Finally, the paper provides corresponding policies.