Table of Content

25 January 2014, Volume 23 Issue 1

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Overview

Aging Properties of Life Times——Review and Prospect

LI Xiao-hu, LIU Ke, CAO Jin-hua

2014, 23(1):  1-6. 

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In this paper we have a review on research work on aging properties of lifetime developed in the past two decades.Particularly,we summarize those research achievements made by Chinese scholars in the field of mathematical reliability and life testing. and the special attention is paid to the remarkable advances in the recent three years.Also we take an outlook at the prospect in the future research on aging properties of lifetimes.

Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

Applied Optimal Strategies for Warehouse Picking Routing in B2C

LI Jian-bin, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Feng

2014, 23(1):  7-14. 

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Men-to-thing picking method is widely used in existing B2C warehouse in China, in which picking is one of the core workloads and it takes a lot of time and capital. Warehouse picking routing is an important problem in e-commerce. Based on TSP, we build a picking routing model which is NP-hard and solved by ant colony algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, tabu search algorithm and S-shape heuristic algorithms, respectively. The results show that the picking time by ant colony algorithm saves time by 13.35% compared with that by S-shape heuristic algorithms. Furthermore, we obtain a relative optimal solution in shorter time with simulated annealing algorithm when the number of picking goods is small, while the ant colony algorithm can achieve the relative optimal results with only one iteration. These results have been applied to one e-commerce business and have been effective.

Research on Emergency Material Reserve Strategies Based on Stability Analysis

HUANG Xing, WANG Shao-yu

2014, 23(1):  15-19. 

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Materials commissioned reserve ways of emergency materials can effectively reduce the emergency logistics costs and realize the important action of rapid effective collecting emergency materials. Aiming at these problems caused by government to attribute to directly reserve emergency materials, including too high costs of purchase and management, occupation of a large amount of funds, material performance reduce and a large amount of mareial waste, etc, in this paper, the author structures the symbiotic relationship of government and commissioned reserve company with the aid of population symbiosis theory and analyzes the stability condition of balance point of government and commissioned reserve company based on the principle of mutually beneficial cooperation through structuring the mathematical model. Under the limited payment condition of government, how to choose the commissioned reserve company of emergency materials is resolved to provide the policy-making for government to make the emergent material reserve strategies.

Effect of Uncertainty in Inventory Systems With Mixture CVaR Constrain

YU Hai-bo, WANG Ying-li

2014, 23(1):  20-25. 

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In this paper, we analyze the effect of demand uncertainty in inventory systems with mixture CVaR constrain by using stochastic dominance in applied probability. We introduce the concept of “risk preference coefficient” and obtain monotonicities of optimal order quantity and optimal profit with respect to risk preference coefficient. We prove that stochastic larger demand leads to higher optimal order quantity and optimal profit; under the cut criterion ordering, more variable demand may lead to more or less optimal order quantity; optimal profit has stochastic monotonicity under second stochastic dominance when risk preference coefficient is larger than or equal to one, but, this state may not hold true as risk preference coefficient is smaller than one. We illustrate this by a numerical example.

Solving Stochastic Demand Inventory Routing Problem with Hard Time Windows

ZHAO Da, LI Jun, MA Dan-xiang, LI Yan-feng

2014, 23(1):  26-32. 

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The Stochastic Demand Inventory Routing Problem(SDIRP)is a kind of typicalNP-hard problem. To consider the coordination and optimization problem of inventory and distribution in the supply chain is the key to implementing vendor managed inventory. This paper explores the stochastic demand IRP with hard time windows(SDIRPHTW), and decomposes SDIRPHTW into two sub-problems: stochastic inventory routing problem with direct distribution and vehicle routing problem with hard time windows. Then, with the objective to minimizing the system cost and the number of vehicles, we present a heuristic algorithm based on(s,S)inventory policy and modified C-W saving algorithm, and analyses the efficiency of the algorithm through a numerical example.

Solving Maximal Network Float of CPM Network Planning

SU Zhi-xiong, QI Jian-xun, KAN Zhi-nan

2014, 23(1):  33-38. 

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Network float of network planning denotes sum of floats which could be consumed practically by each activity in project, and it isn't the simple sum of floats in theory. Network float determines sum of the maximal reachable durations of all activities in practice under the condition of fixed total duration, and is closely correlative to cost management and time management of project engineering. The network float is variable, and is correlative to time schedule of each activity. It illustrates that value especial maximal value of the float could be decided the by adjusting time schedule of activities, and then realizes the optimization of cost and time. In this paper, firstly, the meaning of network float is analyzed from a new visual angle; secondly, algorithm to solve maximal network float is designed based on the above meanings, and the algorithm is that we transform the problem to especial “time-cost tradeoff problem” by founding and analyzing the model of maximal network float, which could be solved by using classic algorithm such as Fulkerson algorithm; and finally, the algorithm is demonstrated by an example.

Optimality Conditions for Interval-Valued Programming

SUN Yu-hua, XU Ping, WANG Lai-sheng

2014, 23(1):  39-43. 

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The programming with interval coefficients is called interval programming, which is flexible programming to easily solve some optimization problems. Interval programming can be regarded as an extension of deterministic optimization problems. There are two kinds of interval programming: interval linear programming and interval nonlinear programming. In this paper, we discuss interval-valued programming where the objective function is an interval-valued function. The necessary optimality conditions are established for a feasible point to LU optimal solution, and the sufficient optimality conditions are obtained under(p,r)－ρ－(η,θ)－ invexity assumptions on objective and the constraint functions.

Theory and Application Study on Extended DEMATEL Method Based on Interval Number

GAO Pei-ran, LU Xin-yuan

2014, 23(1):  44-50. 

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DEMATEL method(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory)is a method for system factor analysis using graph theory and matrix tools.But the evaluation of the relationship between the system factors of this method is only limited to the real number field,not suitable for describing the complicated relationship between system factors in real life. Since interval number can more effectively describe the complex phenomenon, the traditional DEMATEL method is extended to interval number field,making up for the shortcoming of DEMATEL method.First,this paper establishes the initial interval number direct influential matrix and then calculates comprehensive interval number influential matrix by arithmetic rules and possibility sequence of the interval number for analyzing the system factors,thus the interval DEMATEL method is put forward. Then this paper uses the interval DEMATEL method for identifying IT outsourcing influential factors, to find IT outsourcing reason influential factors、result influential factors and the important degrees of each influential factors.Based on this,corresponding suggestions for IT outsourcing personnel are given,and at the same time the effectiveness of the method is verified.

Expert Classification and Aggregation Method for Group Decision-making Based on Judgment Similarity Degree

SUN Xiao-dong, FENG Xue-gang

2014, 23(1):  51-58. 

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This paper proposes an expert classification and group consensus method for group decision-making based on combined similarity degree which consists of gray correlation degree and angular cosine of experts'judgment information(order relation vectors). First, experts are classified by combined similarity degree using a clustering algorithm based on broad first searching neighbors. Then, a nonlinear programming is established to aggregate experts'judgments in each class with the purpose of minimizing the total judgment difference. Finally, all the aggregated judgments are integrated as the consensus of all experts. During this process, a group consensus is guaranteed by weights of individual expert and expert categories, which are dependent on the average similarity degree and the number of individual expert included in the class, respectively. This method could transform the complicated multi-expert group decision problem into low complexity “two-person” decision question. A numerical example shows the validity of the method.

A Dynamic Matching Decision-making Method Based on Ordinal Deviation Fusion Degrees

CHEN Sheng-qun, WANG Ying-ming, SHI Hai-liu

2014, 23(1):  59-65. 

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A decision-making method is proposed to solve dynamic matching decision-making problems with uncertain preference ordinals. First, the related description of ordinal deviation is given. Then, different schemes'ordinal deviation relation in a moment or different moments'ordinal deviation relation of the same scheme is taken as evidence. And the fusion degrees of two-sided ordinal deviation are obtained by combining evidences. Furthermore, an optimization model is developed to obtain two-sided matching alternative.Finally,an illustrative example is given to explain the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.

A Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making Model Based on Three-para Meter Interval Grey Linguistic Variable

CAO Guo, SHEN Li-xiang

2014, 23(1):  66-73. 

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A method based on the three-parameter interval grey additive linguistic variables is presented to solve multiple attribute group decision making problems, in which the attribute values take the form of the grey additive linguistic variables. Firstly, some properties are defined, such as the concept and the relational calculation rules of grey additive linguistic variables. Then, a multiple attribute group decision making problem model based on three-parameter interval grey additive linguistic variables and project model are used to solve the mobile quality of service evaluation problems. At last, an example involved in the mobile bank shows the effectiveness of this method, and the result shows that information security and mobile services may be the most important evaluation indicators.

Coordinating Strategy for Service Supply Chain: Based on Customer Queuing

WANG Wen-long, LIU Xin-mei, WANG Tao

2014, 23(1):  74-79. 

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The current research on the service supply chain is still limited by the traditional product supply chain research framework. Research on the characteristics of service is the key topic of service supply chain management. Based on the unique characteristics that service supply chain is customer-oriented, the relationships among a service provider, an integrator and customers are analyzed firstly. A customer queuing service supply chain model is established secondly. Decision problems under centralized and decentralized service supply chain are explored thirdly. Results indicate that through choosing reasonable cost sharing coefficient and formulating cost sharing contract a service provider and a service integrator are able to achieve the Pareto optimal under decentralized service supply chain. The results of this study have certain significance for developing and deepening the service supply chain research.

Optimal Model for Allocation and Transportation Strategies of Empty Containers between Coastal Ports

JI Ming-Jun, WANG Qing-Bin, ZHANG Xin-Yu, ZHANG Hai-Yan

2014, 23(1):  80-89. 

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The distribution of imports and exports is a significant imbalance between Chinese coastal ports, which leads to the allocation and transportation of empty container. Reasonable distribution strategy effectively decreases the cost of allocation and transportation. In this paper, we introduce the allocation and transportation problems of empty containers and present a pexible destination strategy against the conventional determined destination strategy. Furthermore, two models of allocation and transportation problem, which can minimize the total transportation cost, are established. Then the paper analyze and solves the practical examples between Chinese coastal ports by using the genetic algorithm. The comparison between two different strategies shows, when the trades are fairly balanced, determined destination strategy slightly outperforms the pexible destination strategy. But when the trades are imbalanced, the flexible destination strategy obviously outperforms determined destination strategy. The result provides advice for the decision-making of empty container distribution.

Berth and Quay Crane Allocation Considering Berth Preference and Quay Crane Interference

LE Mei-long, LIU Xiu-ling

2014, 23(1):  90-100. 

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Berth and quay crane(QC)are the most important scarce resource in the container terminal. Reasonable berth allocation and quay crane scheduling can improve utilization of the resources and port operation effectiveness and efficiency. The paper firstly presents the integrated MILP model of both berth allocation and QC scheduling based on the deviation from the berth preference position and capacity loss of the QC. Then, using the data from a container terminal in Ningbo and Gurobi optimization solver, we solve the model. Finally the computational result is economically analyzed. The computational results show that the mean utilization rate of berth line of this port is 46%. Among them, the berth line from 1000 to 1600 meter is hardly used, and deploying 18 QCs is better than deploying 16 QCs in the terminal. The mean utilization rate of deploying 18 QCs is 80%, so the paper suggests the port should have two more QCs. Meanwhile we find that as vessels increase, the solving time by Gurobi increases quickly. At the same time, our method, so called two stage heuristic method, can still give the quasi-optimal solution in very short time.

Energy-Saving Generation Dispatching Optimization Model Based on Time-of-Use Price Mechanism

TAN Zhong-fu, SONG Yi-hang, LI Xiao-zhen, ZHANG Hui-juan, AN Jian-qiang

2014, 23(1):  101-107. 

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To reduce energy consumption in power industry, energy saving generation dispatching is carried out on the generation side, and DSM is implemented on the user side. In fact, joint optimization of the generation side and user side could achieve better energy saving effect. With the implementation of Time-of-Use(TOU)price, the original system load distribution pattern will be changed, dispatching allocation of power generation units in power generation side will be changed, and coal consumption level of power generation will also vary. Considering above relationship between system load and coal consumption, demand response analysis model about TOU price in power demand side and unit commitment model of energy-saving generation dispatching in power generation side are established. To realize the impact transfer of TOU price to unit coal consumption, integrated optimization model of power generation side and power demand side is constructed, with objective function of minimizing the coal consumption of unit operation, start-up and shut-down. Finally, the energy saving benefit of the optimization model is showed by a case study, and the simulation analysis using general algebraic modeling system(GAMS)shows that TOU price optimization will help to improve the effect of energy-saving dispatching in power generation side and realize certain environmental benefit.

Power Supply Enterprises Purchase'Optimization Model Considering Risk in Smart Grid

LI Peng, LI Cun-bin, QI Zhi-qiang

2014, 23(1):  108-115. 

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For the influence of power supply enterprises'electricity purchase decision brought by smart grid, a method of power purchase optimization decision considering the risk is proposed. The construction and operation of smart grid make some new changes, for example, more renewable energy generation to penetrate in generation side, rapid increase in smart equipment and active load appearance in user side. Those changes have some effect on electricity purchase decision of the power supply enterprises. First, on the impact on the power supply enterprises because of the uncertainty of wind generation output and the load, by the theory of risk element transmission and the theory of multiple objective programming, an optimization model about electricity purchasing under the smart grid is proposed. Then the constrained multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm(CMOPSO)method has been adopted to calculate the model. Finally, a numerical example shows the feasibility of the proposed model. The study is helpful to revealing the mechanism of power company electricity purchase risk occurrence in smart grid, and provides a new method or thought for the research of smart grid operation risk management.

PSO based Memetic Algorithms for Product Mix Problems

HU Zhong-yi, BAO Yu-kun, XIONG Tao

2014, 23(1):  116-122. 

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To solve the product mix problem with multiple constraints, a memetic algorithms is proposed based on particle swarm optimization(PSO). Firstly, the problem is simplified by recognizing and removing the non-bottlenecks based on the Theory of Constraints(TOC). Secondly, a pseudo utility ratio based local search is proposed to improve the exploitation ability of PSO. Both small-scale benchmark datasets and a group of randomly generated large-scale examples are used to test the proposed approach on solving the product mix problems. The computational results show that the proposed approach outperform some existing approaches, such as TOC, revised TOC, Tabu Search(TS), Simulated Annealing(SA)and Genetic Algorithms(GA), and can solve the large-scale problems more effectively. Hence, the proposed approach can be accepted as a practical approach to solve the product mix problem.

Application Research

A Survival Model Analysis on Factors Contributing to Tourists'Length of Stay in Dalian

WANG Er-da, Li Hua, Bertis B. Little

2014, 23(1):  123-130. 

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Length of stay is one of the most important determinants of the overall impact of tourism in a given economy. However, due to its statistical nature and complexity such as censoring and non-negativity, it is rarely systematically analyzed in economic research literature. This article estimates an econometric parametric survival analysis model to learn the determinants of length of stay, in a novel way in the tourism demand literature. In the process, a number of tourist’s socio-demographic characteristics are analyzed in order to disclose the most important factors that can contribute to the length of tourist stays. Results indicate that being a repeat visitor and with far travel distance are important criteria to identify tourists who are likely to experience longer stays. Thus, future research should characterize such groups and their economic and activity involvement. Level of tourist income and age also play highly statistically significant role in determining length of stay. In addition, a higher degree of education is associated with shorter expected stays. Finally, all those findings'policy implications are addressed accordingly.

A Study on Resource Constraints and Technology Spillovers Threshold Effects of Trade Opening ——Based on Empirical Studies of the Data from Resource-oriented Regions in China

ZHENG Yong-jie, QI Zhong-ying

2014, 23(1):  131-142. 

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Through constructing the endogenous growth model of intermediate product category expansion, this paper has proved the operating principle of technology spillovers effect of trade opening in promoting technology progress and the constraint factors of technology spillovers under the condition of resource constraints. In addition, through the utilization of the provincial panel data ranging from the year 2000 to 2009 of the resource-oriented regions of our country, it has conducted an empirical inspection on the technology spillovers effect of the resource-oriented regions. The studies have demonstrated that technology spillovers effect of trade opening plays an indistinctive role in promoting technology progress of the resource-oriented regions and there exist threshold effects on human capital, trade opening, investment cost of energy industry, technology gap and technology spillovers respectively. When the threshold level of technology spillovers is surpassed, the bottleneck of resource constraints in the resource-oriented regions can be broken through and the technology progress of these regions can be achieved as well.

Trust Evaluation of Cooperation Innovation Partners Based on Knowledge Transfer

CHENG Qiao-lian, HU Long-ying, CUI Shuang-shuang

2014, 23(1):  143-150. 

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Knowledge transfer is a necessary process, which is crucial for success in cooperation innovation. Meanwhile, trust among partners can promote knowledge sharing and knowledge transferring during cooperation innovation, and thus can increase the performance of cooperative innovation. This paper evaluates trust among cooperation partners from the perspective of knowledge transfer. Firstly, an indicator system for trust evaluation is constructed based on literature and expert interview. Secondly, a RS-SVM trust evaluation model is proposed based on knowledge transfer. Finally, we take an institute and its 30 partners as example and investigate the applicability of the RS-SVM model. The result shows that both the accuracy and efficiency of the model are higher than those of other evaluation methods. This study can not only extend the perspective of current studies on trust, but also assist enterprises to conduct trust management in practice, and thus promote knowledge transfer among partners, to further achieve the target of cooperation innovation.

Information Security Competency Evaluation Model for Internal Staff

LIU Yu-peng, QU Shi-you

2014, 23(1):  151-156. 

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In recent years, more and more evidence shows that the security of information systems and information management within the organization is a major security risk. Therefore, it is particularly urgent and important that internal staff shall be evaluated and a staff competenly information security responsibility is found to eliminate internal attack behaviours of employees and ensure the security of information systems and information management. Consequently information security competency evaluation for internal staff is an important issue. Under the analysis of the characteristics of the aggressive behavior from internal staff and a comprehensive summary of the competency research, internal staff information security competency evaluation index system is built. On this base, organization internal staff information security competency evaluation model is proposed. Based on safety and risk prevention thinking, the model divides the evaluation into two stages and takes into account the personality advantage of the decision makers in decision- making preferences and individuality advantage, which more realistically reflects the difference between the team members. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the evaluation model is verified through case analysis.

Research on Influence Factors of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Based on the Method of Combination Weights

MENG Fan-sheng, LI Mei-ying

2014, 23(1):  157-165. 

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We select technology investment, open degree of foreign trade, industrial structure, energy consumption structure, economic growth level, population scale and green vegetation land area as the object of evaluation, construct index system of influence factors of carbon dioxide emissions in China, in order to objectively and exactly dig and evaluate the influence factors of carbon dioxide emissions in China. Establish influence factors of carbon dioxide emissions evaluation model based on the method of combination weights. Select relevant data from 2000~2011 in China to carry out empirical analysis for the influence factors of carbon dioxide emissions. Empirical results show technology investment, industrial structure, energy consumption structure, economic growth level, green vegetation land area are the key influence factors of carbon dioxide emissions in China. The use of combination weights to evaluate and analyze the influence factors of carbon dioxide emissions in China improves the objective and scientific evaluation result. Moreover, provides a valuable reference for further confirmation of carbon dioxide emissions influence factors.

The Science and Technology Evaluation Model Based on the Matrix Distance Sequence Weighting and Its Application

SHI Bao-feng, CHI Guo-tai, ZHANG Sui

2014, 23(1):  166-178. 

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The Scientific Development View puts forward the basic principles: maintaining a balanced, and adhering to people-oriented and establishing a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development and promoting economic and social development. The comprehensive evaluating index system of science and technology is established, which is fit for province districts. This paper builds the evaluation model of science and technology based on the matrix distance sequence weighting by introducing matrix distance in Topsis on section two empowerment evaluation results. Its features and innovations are as follows. Firstly, it determines the objective weight of the comprehensive evaluation results in different years by means of introducing matrix distance in Topsis, and the empowering ideas that the smaller of the evaluating indicator with the ideal indicator, the greater of the weight, is reflected. Thus, the right time to change the existing evaluation results weights in the different periods are subjectivly determined, and to make up the existing Topsis weighting method can not solve the weight of the comprehensive evaluation results in different years. Secondly, the evaluation results of scientific and technological development reflect the effect of evaluation object’s historical information by means of panel data of province districts. It avoids the status that the evaluation results have contingency using cross-sectional data.Thirdly, the empirical result shows that the science and technology development of Shanxi, Xinjiang and Yunnan provinces has lagged behind, because their GDP comprehensive energy consumption every ten thousand Yuanis too high and their comprehensive utilization of industrial solid wastes are too low.

Empirical Research on the Interest Rate of RMB and Exchange Rate ——Based on nonlinear Smooth Transition Regression Model

WANG Yu-hua, HUI Xiao-feng, LI Dun-liang

2014, 23(1):  179-187. 

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In order to analyze the relationship of interest rate and effective exchange rate,this paper uses the Smooth Transition Regression Model and then chooses the monthly data of these two variables of China、USA、Eurozone、Japan and Korea from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2011.The results show that exchange rate has a nonlinear influence on interest rate and obvious asymmetry. The last month interest rate and exchange rate have an important influence on interest rate in these four countries. Based on this, in order to prevent the flexibility of exchange rate surge caused by excessive fluctuations of the interest rate, we should progressively and stablely take the initiative to expand the flexibility of exchange rate in the short term. Secondly,we should gradually speed up the process of interest rate and exchange rate co-ordination liberalization, and build an efficient linkage system.

Portfolio Optimization Model Based on Dynamic Loss Aversion and Empirical Research

JIN Xiu, WANG Jia

2014, 23(1):  188-195. 

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In order to study the effect of loss aversion from behavioral finance on investment decisions, a dynamic loss aversion portfolio optimization model that maximizes the expected utility is constructed. Relying on the stock market divided into three states including rise, decline and consolidation, we empirically study the performance of the dynamic loss aversion portfolio model and compare it with the performance of static loss aversion portfolio model as well as mean-variance and CVaR portfolio models. At last, changing the reference point, we check on robustness of the dynamic loss aversion portfolio model. We find that the dynamic loss aversion portfolio model clearly outperforms the static model, mean-variance portfolio model and CVaR portfolio model.

An Empirical Study on Operating Efficiency of Property Insurance Companies in China Based on DEA-Malmquist Index

HAN Ke, CHEN Bao-feng

2014, 23(1):  196-202. 

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Using CCR and BCC model of data envelopment analysis and DEA-Malmquist index, technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency,efficiency change and technological change of property insurance companies from 2006 to 2010 are calculated. The result shows that most of companies'technical efficiency is invalid.And the invalidness of scale efficiency is the main reason for the lower technical efficiency of some companies.Efficiency of Chinese-funded insurance companies has fallen slightly from 2006 to 2010. The low level of technology hinders efficiency of most of companies.

Compound Pascal Model with Two Dividends and Varying Premium Rate Under RandomInterest

YIN Jing-yan

2014, 23(1):  203-208. 

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Pursuing maximum profit and minimum risk is the goal during the operation of insurance companies. Ruin probability is the foundation while making risk decisions. Based on the compound Pascal model with two dividends, random interest and varying premium rate, which varies with the surplus level of company, this paper deals with finite time ruin probability of a joint stock insurance company. We have proved the homogeneous Markov property of the surplus process, and given the recursive formulas for finite time ruin probability. Numerical examples have also been provided at last.

Management Science

Tolerance Design of Complex Products Considering Service Characters

PU Guo-li, SU Qin

2014, 23(1):  209-217. 

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Traditional robust design methods are unable to solve the tolerance design of complex quality characters because of computation complexity. With the emergency of service-oriented manufacturing, it's difficulty to design the tolerance of service quality involved in complex products. Firstly, on basis of CCD optimal experiment design, trust region and Monte Carlo simulations were employed to design tolerance of hard component. Secondly, quality loss function was used to design tolerance of service quality. Finally, an example was discussed to verify the effectiveness of proposed method.

Personnel Selection Method Based on Human Capital Advantage Structure

ZHANG Li-li, ZHAO Xi-nan, YUE Qi

2014, 23(1):  218-225. 

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A personnel selection method is proposed to solve the name tendency: human capital evaluation and judgment criterion is with professional title and education background. The evaluation method ignores the differences in advantage structure. From the employment thoughts of “focusing on competency”, “focusing on performance”, “focusing on democracy”, “focusing on advantages”, “respecting individuality”, according to empirical research, the evaluation indicator system is constructed containing competency and performance, the concept of human capital advantage structure is given, and the advantage group identification method is constructed. From the perspective of each candidate, each one’s advantage is considered. It is helpful for improving the fairness and scientific personnel selection, and the humanistic thought is reflected. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are illustrated by an example.

Assignment Model In Manual Operating System Making To Order Considering Learning Effect And Algorithm Research

YU Xiu-li, ZHANG Bi-xi, LI Yi-fan, LI Hong

2014, 23(1):  226-233. 

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MTO(Make-To-Order)and MOS(Manual Operation System)is the general production system model of the small and medium manufacturing enterprises. The worker'skills have an important influence on the performance in such a system. With the growing in times of repetition, learning effect happens and workers'efficiencies continuously improve. We propose an optimization model of the front-line workers'Assignment considering learning effect, paying full attention to the individual difference in order to narrowing the gap between theory researches and production practices. Taking the lead time as the objective function, the model is based on workers'previous experience, learning ability, technology difficulty and batch size. Due to workers'assignment is NP complete problem, the Bootstrap approach to solve the problem is proposed. A case study indicates that the proposed model can provide a promising worker assignment approach and the proposed algorithm is effective for combinational optimization problem.

Risk Programming for Virtual Enterprise Based on Various Risk Preferences

LU Fu-qiang, HUANG Min, BI Hua-ling, SUN Fu-quan

2014, 23(1):  234-243. 

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For the stochastic characteristics of each risk for risk programming of virtual enterprise, with the stochastic programming theory, an expected value model and a chance constraint programming model are proposed to describe the decision behavior under various risk preferences. A Monte Carlo Simulation based Particle Swarm Optimization(MCS-PSO), Genetic Algorithm(MCS-GA)and Ant Colony Optimization(MCS-ACO)are designed to solve the models respectively. The simulation analysis shows that the expected value model describes the decision behavior of risk-neutral decision maker, and the chance constraint programming model describes the decision behavior of decision makers with various risk preference(risk-neutral, risk-averse, risk-loving)while the preference coefficient has different values. The comparison of the simulation results from the three proposed algorithm shows that the MCS-PSO performs better than MCS-GA and MCS-ACO on searching ability, reliability and convergence speed, and MCS-PSO is an effective way to solve this kind of risk programming problems.

Grey Correlation Analysis of Shanghai City Residents’Food Consumption Structure Change

SHAO Min-zhi

2014, 23(1):  244-248. 

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In this paper, the connotation changing of the structure of Shanghai city residents'food consumption has been analyzed by the grey correlation theory, the influence of each item expenditure of the food consumption on the development process of the Engel’s Coefficient has been studied, and the changing regularity of food consumption structure has been discussed. This paper explores the use of the progressive order structure of the grey correlation, and reveals the dynamic change trend in the grey correlation ordering of the food consumption elements.

Environmental Audit-Based Model on the Regulation of the Energy Saving andEmission Reduction

HUANG Rong-bing, LI Yu-hui, CHEN Geng

2014, 23(1):  249-256. 

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In order to inspect the environmental audit’s regulation effect on the energy saving and emission reduction, the paper designs the two-person game models under three situations: (1)the supervisor gets involved in the company’s environmental audit report, unconditional punishment. (2)the supervisor doesn’t get involved in the company’s environmental audit report, unconditional punishment. (3)the supervisor gets involved in the company’s environmental audit report, conditional punishment. The study results show that the intervention right of the audit report provides the company with positive incentive to carry out the environmental audit. The conditional punishment mechanism, that is, the company’s efforts to improve the environment can reduce the punishment and increase the tendentiousness of the company’s environmental audit. The findings of the paper provide the environmental audit system with the theoretical foundation.