关键词: 闭环供应链, 产品生命周期, 定价策略, 契约协调

Abstract: This study deals with the pricing and coordination policies based on product life-cycle in closed-supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer, where the manufacturer makes and supplies all-new products in the first period and uses returned cores to offer remanufactured products, along with the new ones, in the subsequence periods until the end of product life-cycle. We build a decentralized model in two-period, multi-period and infinite planning horizons and a centralized model in multi-period and characterize the optimal pricing and manufacturing strategy for the manufacturer and the retailer. The result suggests that in the two-period setting the manufacturer and the retailer should make different wholesale price, sales price and production quantity according to different cost savings, and in the multi-period setting the manufacturer and the retailer should adopt the same pricing and manufacturing strategies except the first and the last period with the low cost savings and adopt the same pricing and manufacturing strategies except the first period and the last two periods with the high cost savings, and in the infinite-horizon setting the manufacturer and the retailer should make the same pricing and manufacturing strategies except the first period. The manufacturer and the retailer should make lower price in the earlier periods to provide cores that are essential for the low cost production in the later periods. The whole closed-loop supply chain can be coordinated with revenue sharing contract. A numerical example is given to prove the conclusions above.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain, product life-cycle, pricing policy, contract coordination