专才还是通才?组织成员知识基础对创新绩效的影响

doi:10.12005/orms.2021.0063

运筹与管理 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 210-217.DOI: 10.12005/orms.2021.0063

专才还是通才?组织成员知识基础对创新绩效的影响

董佳敏, 刘人境

西安交通大学管理学院,陕西西安 710049

收稿日期:2019-03-05 出版日期:2021-02-25
作者简介:董佳敏(1993-),女,山东威海人,博士研究生,研究方向:组织学习,知识管理;刘人境(1966-),新疆乌鲁木齐人,管理学博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:组织学习,风险管理。
基金资助:
国家社科重大项目(18ZDA104)

Specialists or Generalists? Effects of Members' Knowledge Base on Innovation Performance

DONG Jia-min, LIU Ren-jing

School of Management, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

Received:2019-03-05 Online:2021-02-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于多主体仿真方法,构建了成员知识基础对创新绩效影响的动态仿真模型,分析了成员知识深度、知识宽度和知识交叠度对创新绩效的内在作用机理,解答了组织应该选择什么样的人、以及不同的人如何影响组织创新这两个重要问题。研究结果表明,知识宽度对创新绩效有积极效应,而知识深度的效应依赖于知识宽度与知识交叠度的交互影响。其中,知识宽度较低时,知识深度存在消极影响。知识宽度较高时,知识深度对创新绩效存在倒U型影响。知识宽度中等时,成员所拥有的优势知识是否重复至关重要。当优势知识均匀分布时,知识深度呈现积极效应;当优势知识高度重复时,不同领域的知识难以被融会贯通,知识深度的积极效应转变成消极效应。总体来说,兼具知识宽度和知识深度的T型人才最有利于提高创新绩效。此外,在专业型人才队伍中适当引入通用型人才,能够在多数情况下保证组织的最优表现。

关键词: 知识深度, 知识宽度, 知识交叠度, 多主体仿真

Abstract: Based on the multi-agent simulation method, we construct a dynamic model to explore the effects of members' knowledge base on innovation performance. Considering three dimensions of knowledge base, including knowledge width, knowledge depth, and knowledge overlap, we systematically answer the questions about which kinds of people (generalists or specialists) are more valuable for organizations. The results show that members' knowledge width has a positive effect on innovation performance, while effects of knowledge depth depend on the interaction influences of knowledge width and knowledge overlap. To be specific, when the members' knowledge width is low, knowledge depth has a negative effect. However, when the members' knowledge width is high, knowledge depth has an inverted U-shaped relationship on innovation performance. In addition, when members' knowledge width is medium, the mechanism of knowledge depth depends on whether the superior knowledge of members overlaps. In fact, if members' superior knowledge is evenly distributed, knowledge depth presents a positive effect; but if members' superior knowledge is highly repetitive, the positive effect of knowledge depth is transformed into a negative effect. What's more, we also find that T-type members with both high knowledge width and relatively high knowledge depth are the most beneficial to improving innovation performance. Intriguingly, our findings reveal that an appropriate mix of generalists in the specialists team can maintain the optimal performance in most circumstances.

Key words: knowledge width, knowledge depth, knowledge overlap, multi-agent simulation

中图分类号:

F273.1

董佳敏, 刘人境. 专才还是通才?组织成员知识基础对创新绩效的影响[J]. 运筹与管理, 2021, 30(2): 210-217.

DONG Jia-min, LIU Ren-jing. Specialists or Generalists? Effects of Members' Knowledge Base on Innovation Performance[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2021, 30(2): 210-217.

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专才还是通才?组织成员知识基础对创新绩效的影响

Specialists or Generalists? Effects of Members' Knowledge Base on Innovation Performance

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