关键词: 数字经济, 数字化转型, 云边协同, 演化博弈

Abstract: It is agreed that the digital economy will bring subversive innovation to businesses and organizations, and stimulate the needs of enterprise digital transformation and endogenous power. However, due to the variety of the traditional enterprise products, the diversity of the user data and the differentiation of ability development, it is difficult to achieve digital upgrade in a short period of time. Fortunately, the digital technologies such as cloud computing provide an important technical support for the digital transformation of enterprises. In particular, the cloud-edge collaboration technology can provide faster business processing ability and better user service quality, thus attracting extensive attention from scholars and entrepreneurs from all fields. However, for the academic community, many scholars have studied more from the technical optimization perspective of computing offloading, task and resource scheduling, and resource allocation, and less on the inherent law of game behavior between digital technology enterprises which are mainly regarded as two parties: cloud service providers and edge operators.
Under the bounded rationality assumption, this article presents a dynamic evolution game model between cloud service providers and edge operators for the edge-cloud framework according to the evolutionary game theory, explores the unilateral evolutionary stability strategies under four different conditions based on the stability theorem for differential equations, and analyzes the evolution path of each player and the influence affected by the other’s strategy choice in the actual cases. The equilibrium of the system is calculated according to the replicated dynamic equations, and the Jacobian matrix is also constructed. In accordance with the criterion proposed by Friedman, the equilibrium is proven to be an evolutionary stability strategy under different conditions, and the combination of evolutionary stability equilibria under different conditions is also obtained. The evolution law of the system is analyzed and the evolution results are classified and summarized. Then the basic conditions for achieving the cloud-edge cooperative relationship are found. Furthermore, this article also investigates the influence factors of stable cooperative relationship between cloud service providers and edge operators in two kinds of evolutionary stability strategies, and verifies the theoretical analysis results through numerical simulation results.
The research results show that the final evolution of the cloud-edge collaboration system depends on the benefits and costs of the game matrix between the two parties as well as the system initial state values. The two parties will finally reach a stable cloud-edge collaborative relationship after continuous learning and adjustment of strategies in a long time enough, when the cost of constrained loss is at least greater than the difference between the benefit of both parties choosing to deal alone and the benefit of their cooperative treatment. The distribution coefficient of revenue and cost has different effects on the cooperative evolution of the system with different conditions, and needs to be adjusted dynamically in a real time according to market changes. The lower the risk coefficient of cloud edge collaborative processing for both parties, that is, the higher the safety coefficient, the more conducive to the construction of the cloud-edge collaboration system. Under a certain condition, the cloud-edge collaboration system can be eventually driven to be an ideal state by reducing the collaboration cost and improving the collaboration revenue, so as to effectively promote the long-term stability of cloud-edge collaboration system and better serve the enterprise digital transformation.

Key words: digital economy, digital transformation, cloud-edge collaboration, evolutionary game