关键词: 充电站选址, 电动汽车, 部分充电, 容量

Abstract: Due to excessive exploitation of fossil fuels, the supply of fossil fuels is gradually unable to meet the current huge demand. At the same time, the use of fossil fuels often comes with certain environmental pollution issues. Transportation is one of the main fields that use fossil fuels. As an effective alternative to traditional vehicles primarily fueled by fossil fuels, a large number of electric vehicles have been produced in the past years due to their clean and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, due to the limited battery capacity of electric vehicles, it may be necessary for drivers to go to the charging station once or even multiple times during long-distance travel to meet the travel requirements. However, the current number of electric vehicle charging stations is relatively limited, making it difficult to meet the growing demand for charging. Therefore, the location of electric vehicle charging stations is currently a relatively important issue.
This article investigates the problem of locating electric vehicle charging stations on a highway network considering capacity limitations and partial charging behavior. Compared to the cost of electricity charged in scenarios such as home and workplace, that of electricity charged on highways is usually much higher. In addition, when electric vehicles are charged on highways, owners are often forced to wait, while in scenarios such as home and workplace charging, owners can engage in other activities such as work and leisure. It is obvious that charging behavior during long-distance travel often brings higher time cost. In the above situations, electric vehicle owners are often only willing to supplement the electric vehicle with enough electricity to complete the journey during long-distance travel, rather than fully charging it. And this partial charging behavior can effectively alleviate the capacity pressure of charging stations. Considering the alleviation of capacity pressure can improve the utilization efficiency of charging stations to a certain extent when selecting sites for charging stations.
The first part of this article explains concepts such as deviation paths, charging behavior, coverage standards, and model assumptions. Given that the deviation paths of different OD pairs contain the coupling relationship between nodes and candidate nodes of the charging station, this article establishes a set of nodes included in the deviation paths of each OD pair to represent the corresponding relationship between the nodes included in the deviation path and the candidate nodes of the charging station.
The second part proposes a mixed integer linear programming model to optimize the location problem of electric vehicle charging stations, in order to meet the travel needs of electric vehicles under limited budgets as much as possible. This model simulates the capacity from the perspective of the charging capacity of the charging pile, and completes the modeling of partial charging behavior by considering the logical relationship of electric vehicle electricity between nodes in the driving path. At the same time, a complete charging constraint is added to consider the charging strategy in this situation.
The third part of this article provides a case study for testing a simulated highway network in Anhui Province, China with 16 nodes and 24 edges. The GUROBI solver is used to solve the model, obtaining location schemes for charging stations considering two different charging behaviors: partial charging and full charging. The article compares and further analyzes the coverage of demand vehicles and OD pairs under these different charging behaviors. The results show that, under the same budget constraints, the location scheme considering partial charging behavior provides better coverage for demand vehicles and OD pairs.
In summary, this article studies the location problem of electric vehicle charging stations under the conditions of considering partial charging behavior and capacity limitations. A mixed integer linear programming model is proposed, and the superior performance of the location scheme considering partial charging behavior is demonstrated through case analysis.

Key words: charging station location, electric vehicles, partial charging, capacity