关键词: 闭环供应链, 再制造, 零售商竞争, 定价策略, 契约协调

Abstract: Pricing and production policies are studied on closed-loop supply chains with competing retailers in two periods of product life cycle. In the first period, there exists only one manufacturer and one retailer, and completely new products are produced by the manufacturer by raw materials. In the second period, as new products are produced, used products are collected and remanufactured by manufacturer, and a competing retailer appears. A decentralized-decision model and a centralized-decision model are constructed, and the optimal pricing and production policies are obtained. Our results show that retailers' competition can decrease the retailer price and increase the demand. The whole closed-loop supply chain can be coordinated with revenue sharing contract whose right wholesale price and sharing rate are made, and the win-win status of manufacturer and retailers can be achieved. A numerical example is given to prove the conclusions above.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain, remanufacturing, retailer competition, pricing policy, contract coordination