Abstract: The tournament incorporating psychological preferences has become a research focus. But it ignores the heterogeneity of preferences. This paper studies the separating and the pooling tournament and compares the incentive structures and effects in behavioral game theory, which are based on grouping by the types of preferences. It is found that on the side of incentive structures, both the prize intensity and the guaranteed intensity of the separating tournament among the selfish agents are always the biggest, while unless the extent of heterogeneity is very significant those of separating tournament among the agents preferring fairness are the smallest, and on the side of incentive effects, the agents preferring fairness can only gain the reservation utility in both the pooling and the separating tournament, while the selfish agents gain more utility in the separating although in the pooling tournament they can only gain the reservation utility too, and the principal can get more profits in the separating tournament. Therefore, it is necessary for promoting the incentive efficiency of tournament to take the heterogeneity of preferences into account, screen the preferences of employees, and make suitable incentive structures.

Key words: tournament, heterogeneity of preferences, incentive structures, incentive effects, behavioral game theory

摘要： 引入心理偏好的锦标竞赛是目前的研究热点,但是忽略了偏好的异质特征。对此,采用行为博弈论方法,研究基于异质偏好分组的分类竞赛和混同竞赛,比较二者的激励结构和激励效果。结果表明:在激励结构方面,无论是奖励强度还是保障强度,自利偏好者之间的分类竞赛总是最大,并且除非偏好异质度较大公平偏好者之间的分类竞赛总是最小而混同竞赛总是居中;在激励效果方面,自利偏好者虽然参与分类竞赛只能够得到最低期望效用即保留效用但是参与混同竞赛可以得到更多期望效用,而公平偏好者参与分类竞赛和混同竞赛都只能够得到最低期望效用即保留效用,委托人的期望利润在分类竞赛下比混同竞赛要多。因此,考虑参赛者的偏好异质特征,甄别偏好类型,制定恰当的激励结构,对提高锦标竞赛的激励效果是必要的。

关键词: 锦标竞赛, 偏好异质特征, 激励结构, 激励效果, 行为博弈论