Abstract: For new energy vehicles, in addition to power battery innovation, whether the motor and electric control can have the best performance will also directly affect the range of pure electric vehicles.In recent years, with the continuous decline in subsidies, the power battery and motor markets have been strongly impacted by foreign forces, and there is also a phenomenon that high-end core components in the electric drive market are in the hands of foreigners. In such a severe environment, automobile companies are adopting differentiated competition strategies to cultivate their core competitiveness while also “huddling together to warm up”, with a view to reducing overall industrial costs and forming an industrial agglomeration effect through upstream and downstream collaborative innovation. In the context of the above, automotive companies will face two R&D models: one is to cooperate with upstream battery manufacturers to improve mileage and revenue, and the other is to focus on itself, improving collaborative control technology and environmental management level that leverage the battery,so as to reduce process costs and increase profits. Different R&D models will have different impacts on the innovation and development of new energy vehicles. Therefore, for automotive companies in fierce competition, the choice of research and development models is very important. At the same time, in the context of automobile enterprises cultivating their core competitiveness, the roles played by both automobile enterprises and battery factories in improving automobile performance are equally important. Therefore, for battery manufacturers and automotive companies that have reached cooperative research and development intentions, who will lead the research and development also affects the investment in research and development.In addition, the gradual improvement of the green financial system has made green credit an essential source of funding for innovation in the new energy vehicle industry chain. However, existing research on new energy vehicle innovation mainly focuses on “subsidized” policies, and the role of green credit in innovation has not been taken seriously.
To sum up, at the key point of accelerating the transformation of the automotive industry, in the face of multiple factors such as the lack of effectiveness of the dual credit policy and the large demand for research and development funds, which research and development model should automobile enterprises adopt based on the use of green credit to effectively promote the development of new energy vehicles has become an urgent issue to be resolved. Based on this, the article, supported by green credit, constructs a game model of single R&D led by a battery factory or car company, as well as independent R&D by both parties. By analyzing the R&D investment and innovation effect in each situation, the paper compares different R&D innovation modes and strategies. Finally, based on a comprehensive analysis of the data obtained from surveys and model numerical analysis, the research results indicate that green credit enhances the R&D innovation effect, and the innovation effect and its added value are the largest when both parties conduct independent research and development, while the innovation effect and its added value are the smallest when the battery factories takes the lead in R&D. Therefore, whether from the perspective of social benefits or innovation effects, the single research and development model led by battery factories is not an ideal strategy, or cannot maximize the promotion effect of green credit. When battery factories or automobile enterprises dominate R&D, green credit can always encourage automobile enterprises to increase investment, and only in the cooperative state, green credit can promote battery enterprises to increase R&D investment. When both parties conduct independent research and development, green credit only increases the R&D investment of vehicle companies, but has no impact on the R&D investment of battery factories. In addition, in a state of non-cooperation, the popularity of green credit reduces the enthusiasm of individuals for increasing R&D investment.
The deficiency of this paper is that, in order to facilitate research, this article discusses R&D models and strategies in a non-competitive environment. In fact, new energy vehicle companies are facing significantly competitive pressures in the market. In a follow-up study,we will further expand the model and discuss the impact of introducing competition on the R&D mode and strategy of automobile enterprise. In addition, this article only considers the financing method of green credit.In future studies, we will consider the supply chain financing mode and compare the differences in the influence of different financing models on R&D cooperation models and strategies of new energy vehicle battery factories and vehicle enterprises, hoping to further expand the existing research.

Key words: green credit, new energy vehicles, R&D model, innovation effect

摘要： 绿色信贷对研发投入、创新效应的促进作用受车企及电池厂研发模式与策略的影响。本文分别构建了车企与电池厂单一主导研发和双方独立研发模式下的供应链博弈模型,通过研发投入、创新效应的分析,对不同模式及策略进行了对比。结果表明:不论是从社会效益还是创新效应看,电池厂主导的单一研发模式都不是最理想的策略,不能最大发挥绿色信贷的促进作用;绿色信贷下,合作对电池厂及车企研发投入的促进作用受电池成本比例、资金时间价值以及绿色信贷利率的影响;当单一方主导研发时,绿色信贷总能激励车企投入更大研发,而只有在合作状态下,才能提升电池厂的研发努力,而当双方独立研发时,绿色信贷下车企研发投入增加,而电池厂选择搭便车。

关键词: 绿色信贷, 新能源汽车, 研发模式, 创新效应