Abstract: The waters of the South China Sea are vast and rich in fishery resources. However, due to the distance of areas such as the Nansha Islands from the mainland, fishing vessels lack the endurance for prolonged operations, thus hindering their effective exploitation. Recently, with the progress of island construction projects in the South China Sea, governments have increased their support for fishermen, enabling the establishment of an integrated fishing production system covering fishing, acquisition, storage, and transportation. Against the backdrop of escalating disputes over marine resources in the South China Sea, the Chinese government has proposed policies such as “developing the Nansha Islands with fisheries as a priority” and “setting up fishery settlements to safeguard borders”, making the waters of the Nansha Islands in China an important direction for the development of offshore fisheries. Constructing a cold chain logistics network for fisheries is crucial for the development of China’s marine economy and the safeguard of maritime interests. However, existing literature lacks a theoretical analysis of the coupling concept and operating mode of the cold chain logistics network for offshore fisheries, and there is a lack of effective modeling methods to explore the network planning issues, which directly affects the in-depth development of theory and practice.
In view of this, this paper takes the waters of the Nansha Islands in China as the background. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of cold chain logistics for offshore fisheries in distant waters, it comprehensively uses fishery resources survey data, geographic information technology, and bio-economic production models to quantitatively assess the catchable amount and potential fishing production areas. Based on this, the paper studies the layout of fishing production areas and the selection of transit cold storage sites in the Nansha Islands, considering both fishing catch volume and the total operating cost of the cold chain system. Its main contributions are as follows: (1)Establishing a bi-objective optimization model focusing on maximizing the weighted coverage rate of fishery resources and minimizing the total operating cost of the cold chain system, with primary nodes including fishing production areas, island-based transit cold storage facilities, and mainland fishing ports. The layout of fishing production areas, selection of fishing transportation modes, site selection and capacity determination of transit cold storage facilities, and configuration of refrigerated vessels are involved. (2)Introducing GIS to obtain fishery resources quantity and spatial distribution for optimization analysis, establishing the collaborative interaction between fishery information and optimization information. (3)Designing an integrated algorithm with the improved NSGA-II algorithm as the external framework and the improved k-means clustering algorithm as the internal module, determining the final optimized solution through continuous interaction between modules. (4)Optimization analysis is conducted on the real case of fishing production activities in the Nansha Islands. By analyzing the basic principles guiding decision-makers in selecting the optimal solution and filtering Pareto non-dominated solutions, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and model is validated.
The outcomes of this paper propose an optimization method aiming to effectively organize and manage cold chain activities in offshore fisheries. Establishing cold storage facilities of a certain scale on islands can significantly enhance the efficiency of fishing production, providing new insights for more effective development of South China Sea fishery resources and the construction of an integrated fishing production system encompassing fishing, acquisition, storage, and transportation. Therefore, it holds important theoretical and practical value.

Key words: logistics network, fish industry, cold chain, multi-objective optimization, South China Sea

摘要： 为解决我国南海中远端海域所面临的捕捞渔获运输问题,开展远海冷链物流网络优化研究。考虑到捕捞位置与捕捞量对冷链物流网络构建的影响,综合现有渔业资源调查数据和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,量化分析渔业资源的空间分布情况,以渔业生产区布局、中转冷库选址及定容、冷藏船配置为重点,建立渔业资源密度加权覆盖率最大、冷链系统运行总成本最小的多目标优化模型。求解时,设计了一种以NSGA-II算法为外部框架,以k均值聚类算法为内部模块的集成算法,实现优化模型的求解。最后,以我国南海南沙群岛为例,通过剖析决策者选择方案的基本原则确定了最终的优化方案,并验证了模型及算法的有效性。研究结果为构建南海渔业冷链物流体系、加快我国海疆建设提供技术支撑。

关键词: 物流网络, 渔业, 冷链, 多目标优化, 南海