Table of Content

25 April 2017, Volume 26 Issue 4

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

Revenue-sharing Trade Credit Contract for Coordinating Multiple Competing Retailers When Incorporating Default Risk

WANG Ming-zheng, ZHOU Liang, LIU Wei-wei

2017, 26(4):  1-11.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0076

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We consider a supply chain with a supplier and multiple competing retailers. We explore the issue of supply chain coordination by considering trade credit, its risk and competition among retailers. It shows that when allocating demand among the retailers proportional to their order quantities, there exists a unique Nash equilibrium order quantity which increases in default risk and the number of retailers respectively; and trade credit fails to coordinate the supply chain when competition is weak. In order to coordinate the supply chain, we assume that supplier grants trade credit and revenue sharing. Then, we analytically examine the impacts of retailer’s default risk and competition among retailers on coordinating contract parameters. Our results show that supplier’s wholesale price and risk premium increase in default, but the revenue-sharing ratio that is allocated to retailers decreases in it; supplier’s wholesale price and risk premium increase in the number of retailers, but the revenue-sharing ratio decreases in it. Further more, we show that when the retailers’ default risk is higher and the competition among retailers is more intensive, it is worse to the retailers but is better to the supplier. Finally,we demonstrate the theoretical results of the proposed model through a numerical example.

Design of Resilient Distribution Network-oriented Recovery Time

GAO Cong, GUAN Zhi-min, WANG Ying

2017, 26(4):  12-19.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0077

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As to the resilience of the supply chains, the importance of the timeliness of the supply recovery is no less than the recovery of the supply ability itself. This paper addresses the optimal design of the resilient distribution network oriented recovery time, in which a three-echelon distribution network is considered and DCs are backup DCs of each other. When a DC is broken down and cannot service its customer, the manufacturer maintains supplies through the nearest DC to the broken one. Thus DCs must hold some emergency inventory to meet customers’ demand for the arrival of emergent transshipments. A mixed integer linear programming model is constructed to formulate the problem. Because of the special structure of the model, the big M constraints, it takes much computational time to solve the model with optimization software, such as CPLEX, even with a high performance computing platform. To improve the efficiency of solving, a novel MILP decomposition method is proposed. With the experiments, the effectiveness and efficiency of the method are proved. At last, the sensitive analysis is made to understand the impact of various parameters on the distribution networks.

Optimal Trade Credit Term and Pricing Strategy in the Supply Chain with Fairness Preference

QIN Juan-juan, ZHANG Chen

2017, 26(4):  20-27.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0078

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The paper studies that how the fairness preferences affect trade credit and pricing strategy of supply chain considering the fairness preference. First, we build the decision models in three cases: the supplier with fairness preference, the retailer with fairness preference and both with the fairness preference. The paper analyses the optimal trade credit period of the supplier and the optimal retail price of the retailers adopting the Stackelberg game. The study finds that when the retailer has the fairness preference, the retail price of retailer does not change with the degree of fairness preference; when the retailer have greater fairness preference, the credit term that supplier can provide is longer. In the case of only supplier having fairness preference, when the supplier have greater fairness preference, the retail price of retailer is lower, and the trade credit term that supplier can provide is shorter; in the case of both the sides have fairness preferences, the retail price is increasing with the preferences; the trade credit term that the supplier can provide is increasing with the preference coefficient of himself and is decreasing function on the preference coefficient of the retailers. The utility functions for the supply chain members is increasing with its preference, and decreasing with the other’s preference coefficient; with both sides having fairness preference, the supply chain profit is less than the supply chain profit with no fairness preference.

Quality Control Strategy Considering Quality Preference under Two Phases in Service Supply Chain

ZHANG Cui-hua, XING Peng, WANG Yu-lin

2017, 26(4):  37-46.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0080

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Quality control strategies of a service supply chain containing an integrator and a provider are researched. Simultaneously, integrator’s quality defect warranty and provider’s quality preference are considered. We divide provider’s quality activities into two phases: quality improvement and quality maintaining. And we build utility functions of service supply chain members considering the relationship of competition and cooperation. Applying game theory, we obtain the optimal quality defect warranty and service price of the integrator as well as the optimal quality improvement of the provider under different phases. Finally, we find out that it can obtain the a better utility comparing two phases to single phase under a long time. For another, quality preference of the service provider has an impact on optimal utility and quality control strategy under different phases in service supply chain through contrastive analysis and numerical simulation.

Study on the Impacts of Supply Chain Vertical Structureon EPR Policy’s Incentive Effects

TIAN Hai-feng, HUANG Yi, SUN Guang-sheng

2017, 26(4):  47-53.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0081

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To reveal the impact of supply chain vertical structures on Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)policy’s incentive effects, this paper establishes a decision model based on EPR policy for supply chain comprised of manufacturer and customer, and then compares the manufacturer’s environmental design decisions about environmental performance and remanufacturability in different supply chain vertical structures, i.e. vertical integration and vertical separation. The result shows that: owing to the interest coordination mechanisms between manufacturer and customer will be different in diverse supply chain vertical structures, and manufacturers will change their environmental design choices. Compared with vertical separation, EPR policy has a more incentive effect on product remanufacturability under vertical integration; incentive effect of EPR policy on product environmental performance depends on the industrial characteristics about production cost and environmental cost. When the pollutants are mainly from the use of their products and it is difficult for manufacturers to enhance the environmental performance of the products, EPR policy has a more incentive effect on environmental performance under vertical separation. Conversely, when the pollutants derive mainly from the retired products and it is easy to enhance the environmental performance of the products, EPR policy has a more incentive effect on environmental performance under vertical integration. Finally, suggestions on the coordination between EPR and industrial policies are proposed based on the derived conclusions.

Analysis on Stability of Cooperation in the Maritime Silk Roadbased on Evolutionary Game Theory

ZHENG Jun, ZHANG Yong-qing, HUANG Xia

2017, 26(4):  54-61.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0082

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China’s initiative of jointly building the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is fraught with difficulties and uncertainties. In order to judge evolutionary trend of the cooperation and its supporting conditions, this paper constructs a game pay-off matrix with three strategic choices, describes the procedure of the cooperation under bounded rationality with an improved replicator dynamics equation, and analyzes the stability of equilibrium solutions and their parametric conditions. A numerical simulation verified above analysis and concluded visually some helpful strategic suggestions for China: Proactively carry out demonstration projects to extricate the game from non-cooperative equilibrium; give short-term subsidies for attracting partners and get fair dealing and mutual benefit in the long run; never pursue local profits maximization and allow partners get more from individual cooperation; select favorable partners and cooperative areas according to relative competitive advantages; find the intersection of strategic interests to promote synergetic performance steadily; watch out and seize the opportunity to guide evolutionary direction in hoped-for way.

A Study on the Effects of Psychological Contract on Construction Workers’ Mobility Behavior Based on the Evolutionary Game Theory

SUN Ji-de, WANG Xin-cheng

2017, 26(4):  62-69.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0083

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Given that the frequent mobility of Chinese construction workers has affected the optimization upgrading and sustainability of the construction industry, we seek to determine, from the perspective of the psychological contract, the factors that motivate those workers to move frequently. In the background of formal employment contract deficiency, we explore the construction workers’ perception of psychological contract fulfillment how to influence their mobility behavior. Assuming that each party has incomplete information about the other, the psychological contract defines a dynamic game relationship between construction workers and their employers and motivates construction workers’ mobility behavior. We analyze, by use of evolutionary game theory, the various conditional evolutionary stable strategies and explore how employer behavior influences construction workers’ mobility behavior. The results indicate that favorable performance by employers can effectively reduce construction workers’ mobility and that, in turn, construction workers’ favorable performance can strengthen employers’ aspirations. The findings describe how a harmonious relationship between Chinese construction workers and their employers can be fostered.

Study on Location-routing Problem of Logistics Distribution Based on Two-stage Heuristic Algorithm

WANG Dao-ping, XU Zhan, YANG Cen

2017, 26(4):  70-75.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0084

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To solve the combined problem of distribution center location and multi-depot vehicle routing with time windows, using bi-level programming, the multi-objective integer planning model of distribution center location and vehicle routing is formulated. Taking into account the special feature of the model, we propose a suitable solving method. By utilizing two-stage heuristic algorithm, aggregation-based algorithm is firstly used to classify customers, and then, the memberships between customers and distributions center as well as the service area of alternative distribution center are determined. Secondly, based on bi-level programming, the multi-objective integer programming model is established. Its upper planning targets at the minimum cost of distribution center location, while lower planning at the minimum cost of vehicle transportation. Finally, by means of improved ant colony algorithm which introduces the crossover operator, objective values are obtained. Through the analysis of experimental data and Barreto Benchmark instances, we verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed model.

The Decision-making Model of the Project Portfolio Basedon Interactive Coupling Network

ZHAO Jing, GUO Peng, JIA Ying-ying

2017, 26(4):  76-83.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0085

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As project activities enter into the large scale era, complexity becomes an outstanding problem of the modern project portfolio management. Based on the analysis of the complexity of the project portfolio, an representation method for the project portfolio decision-making system is proposed from the perspective of interactive coupling network. By referring to the nonlinear dynamic model, the complex dynamical network model is constructed for the project portfolio decision-making, and then the stability domain, equilibrium solution, bifurcation and chaos of the model are analyzed and simulated. Researches show that the complexity and stability of the project portfolio decision-making system depend on the interactive relationship, and the realization of the portfolio objective is benefited by improving cooperation, avoiding competition and optimizing allocation based on portfolio entirely.

Uncertain Interval Membership Iinguistic Variables and Their Application

DU Yu-qin, HOU Fu-jun, YU qian, ZHAI Yu-bing

2017, 26(4):  84-88.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0086

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Based on the uncertain linguistic variables and the interval fuzzy number, uncertain interval membership linguistic number(UIMLV)is introduced in this paper, then some basic definition such as the operational laws, score function, accuracy function and comparison rules of the UIMLV are defined. Next, the uncertain interval membership linguistic weighted average(UIMLWA)operator, the uncertain interval membership linguistic weighted geometric(UIMLWG)operator are presented, and some desirable properties are discussed. Finally, an approach is proposed under the uncertain interval membership linguistic environment, and an illustrative example is given to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.

Research on the Cooperative Scheduling of Emergency Material in Series Demand System Under the Situation of Emergency

CHEN Ye-hua, MA Xiao-yu

2017, 26(4):  89-95.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0087

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In view of the serial demand system under the situation of emergency, this paper analyzed the characteristics of the collaborative scheduling of the emergency material in the series demand system under the situation of the emergency. To repair the serial demand system we need to provide emergency material, with the target of the shortest time and the minimum cost of repairing the series demand system, the emergency material vertical dispatch model and the emergency material dispatch model combined with the vertical distribution and horizontal transportation are constructed respectively. A genetic algorithm is designed to solve those kinds of models. Finally, through a numerical example, the optimal distribution scheme of emergency material dispatch in series demand system is solved, comparing the results, we get that the combination of vertical distribution and horizontal transportation of emergency supplies cooperative scheduling model is better than the general emergency material vertical dispatch model. Thus, the validity and feasibility of the emergency material cooperative scheduling model are verified.

Optimization and Application of M/M/c Model Based on theProgressive Input Rates and Service Rates

WANG Qiang-qiang, ZHOU Wei

2017, 26(4):  96-104.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0088

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To improve the fitting degree and extend the application fields of the M/M/c model, this paper proposes the progressive input-rate and service-rate depended on the real system states by introducing two new definitions, namely the input probability and service degree. The thresholds of the progressive input-rate and service-rate are set based on the actual operating conditions of the real system states. Moreover, the progressive input-rate and service-rate are divided into two stages and three stages respectively. Then, the progressive M/M/c model is constructed by combining the progressive input-rate and service-rate and the transition process in Queuing Theory. Here, we use the after-determining method to estimate the related parameters in this new model. It is pointed out that the progressive M/M/c model is an extended form of the M/M/c model, and can be use to improve the fitting degree and extend the application fields of the M/M/c model. Finally, a practical example is provided to demonstrate the optimization and practicality of the progressive M/M/c model.

Optimization of Q-MSGSID Based on Sensitivity Analysis and Its Application

JIA Shu-wei, YAN Guang-le

2017, 26(4):  105-111.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0089

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In order to make up for the deficiency of absolute degree of incidence ,synthetic degree of incidence and relative degree of incidence, the paper attempts to establish a new model. First of all, we set up a control factor and introduce the concept of metric space, in order to adjust the range of the value. We prove that this model satisfies the grey incidence axioms. We also study its some properties. Furthermore, we put forward a new model of quasi optimal value to meet a few principles, and combined with sensitivity analysis, the algorithm steps of the quasi optimal value are given. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of this model is verified through practical examples. Therefore, the rest of the paper is organized as follows. In section 1, some basic concepts of absolute degree of incidence, synthetic degree of incidence and relative degree of grey incidence are reviewed. In this section, some limitations of them are proved. In section 2, we set up a control factor and introduce the concept of metric space to adjust the value them, and propose the quasi-“very close”-absolute degree of incidence, the quasi-“very close”-relative degree of incidence and the quasi-“very close”-synthetic degree of grey incidence, and so on. This section also studies some specific properties for them. Section 3 summarizes the specific algorithm steps. In section 4, we compare each kind of value of them by an example, and also obtain some useful results.

Application Research

Profile Monitor Based on Clustering Method

NIE Bin, YAO Xue-hai, LI Jing-ya

2017, 26(4):  112-117.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0090

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Change-point detection of profiles has been a hot topic in quality management. Most of the literatures focus on the global change detection while research on local change problem is relatively few, and the ones that find change time as well as change area are extremely less. To solve local change problem, our paper proposes a method based on wavelet transform and cluster method. In this paper, we do a performance evaluation using Matlab and compare its result with WANOVA method. It shows that our method can detect change-point and locate change area under smaller difference between profiles.

Bi Objective Portfolio Selection Model and Algorithm with Background Risk

LI jia, XU Wei-jun, ZHANG Wei-guo

2017, 26(4):  118-123.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0091

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In practice, the investors always face the background risk. Most of the M-V framework in portfolio selection problems does not take it into account, so the utility of portfolio is influenced by the background risk. This article proposes a bi-objective portfolio selection model with background risk and transaction costs to study how background risk affects the utility and how background risk preference affects it. Then we introduce an improved genetic algorithm to solve this model. Finally, we use the collect data to test the performance of the model to the portfolio selection problem. Based on the empirical study, we make conclusions that when the expected return of background risk is zero, the model with background risk can better reflect the investment risk of the real economic environment; when the expected return of background risk is not zero, the model with background risk can yield more return. Thus, the model with background risk is superior to the model without it.

Study on the Environmental Innovative Capability Evaluation Model of Manufacturing Enterprises Based on Combination Weightof Two-Tuple Linguistic Method and Empirical Research

XU Jian-zhong, GUAN Jun

2017, 26(4):  124-131.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0092

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As the strategy of sustainable development has been a common choice that mankind is facing worldwide in the 21st century, environmental innovation is transforming into a new trend in the development of enterprises and a new field of academic concerns. In this paper, an environmental innovation indicator system of manufacturing enterprises is built based on three aspects, which were the environmental innovation investment capability, the environmental innovation output capability and the environmental innovation supporting capability. In determining the indicator weights, the two-tuple linguistic AHM method, the two-tuple linguistic maximum deviation method and the two-tuple linguistic entropy evaluation method are taken to get the indicator weights of each layer, and then the combination weight of the above three methods is determined based on the Minimum Distance-Maximum Entropy principle. Furthermore, an empirical evaluation of the two equipment manufacturing enterprises in Heilongjiang Province are taken as the example to illustrate the feasibility of this method, and a comparative analysis of the environmental innovative capability of the enterprises was also carried on. The results shows that the two enterprises both achieve good results in the overall environmental innovative capability and the key indicators’ changes to the overall evaluation value are not sensitive.

Research into the Credit Evaluation Model of Small and Micro BusinessesBased on IDGSO-BP Comprehensive Method

HU Xian-de, CAO Rong, LI Jing-ming, RUAN Su-mei, FANG Xian

2017, 26(4):  132-139.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0093

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Aiming at defects of slow learning speed, trapped in local solution and inaccurate operating result of BP neural network in the application of credit risk assessment of small and micro enterprises, a IDGSO-BP assessment model to measure the uncertainty credit risk of small and micro business is proposed based on Glowworm Swarm Optimization algorithm(GSO)and BP neural network. This model produces a better network architecture and initial connection weights, and trains the traditional backward propagation again by training samples. The ensemble strategy is carried out for the liner programming to calculate the best weights based on the ”Minimum square error” as the optimal rule. The simulation experimental results show that the model has obvious advantages over the traditional BP neural network model, GA-BP model and GSO-BP model in terms of convergence speed and operation accuracy. Therefore, IDGSO-BP model can effectively improve the accuracy of small and micro enterprises credit risk assessment.

Empirical Study of the Fund Purchase and Redemption Behavior Fromthe Perspective of Behavioral Finance

ZHANG Bo, HU Wen-xiu, YANG Xi-an

2017, 26(4):  140-148.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0094

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Focusing on the behavioral finance mechanism behind the purchase and redemption behavior of open-ended securities investment funds, the pattern and the path of related variables impacting fund investor psychology are studied in this paper to probe into their influence on the funds purchase and redemption. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the authors propose that the performance, scale, duration period, price and dividend level of funds variables may have influence on investors psychology and their funds purchase-redemption behaviors through diversification paths as signal transmission, mental account, the expectations framing bias, expectations inertia and disposition effect. The corresponding hypotheses are also proposed on it. With 327 open-ended stock investment funds selected in Chinese funds market as samples, annual cross-sectional data from 2011 to 2013 are tested through the establishment of structural equation model to verify the hypotheses. The empirical results show that the signal transmission and the expectations framing bias paths exist stably, while expectations inertia path exists only in 2011 and 2013. The disposition effect path is also found in 2012 and behaves with the characteristics of non-symmetry. As far as the mental account path is concerned, it has not been confirmed or denied in the empirical research. It is also found that the performance of the fund has most significant but unstable effect on fund purchase-redemption behaviors. Finally, the further analysis on the empirical results is also made from the perspective of investors’ behavior and the environment of Chinese fund market.

Visual Analysis on Research Development of Knowledge Sharingin Virtual Community by Using Social Network Analysis

JIN Hui, JIA Yu, QIAN Zhi-fa

2017, 26(4):  149-157.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0095

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In recent years, knowledge sharing in virtual community is one of the hot topics in knowledge sharing research field. Taking the 188 knowledge sharing in virtual community literatures which cited by CNKI from 2004 to 2014 as examples, applying the technologies of social network analysis, using Excel, Bibexcel and Ucinet, this study conducted the literature co-citation analysis and author co-citation analysis, analyzed the network structure of the research field, important literatures, authoritative author, research topics distribution and academic groups. Based on these analyzed results, this study further summarized the status and progress of the domestic research on knowledge sharing in virtual community, and briefly discussed the future research direction.

A Smoothing Method for Portfolio Optimization Based on CVaR

ZHANG Qing-ye, GAO Yan

2017, 26(4):  158-164.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0096

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Portfolio investment on the given risky assets is considered in this paper. At first, we develop a CVaR model for the single phase portfolio optimization problem, using CVaR as the risk measure. Noticing that both multi-integral and plus function are contained in the objective function, we convert multi-integral calculation into summation operator by producing a scenario matrix. Then, we propose a new consistent smooth approximating function of the plus function and give a smoothing method for solving CVaR model at the same time. Finally, we give two empirical studies which illustrate the superiority of our algorithm.

Management Science

Transport Policy Analysis Based on the Forward and Backward Process

LI Hui, ZHANG Bing-jiang, TONG Zhe

2017, 26(4):  165-176.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0097

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With the increase of urban population and automobiles, traffic problems occur frequently in today’s society. A series of traffic problems lead to a transport policy. In order to formulate a scientific and reasonable policy, we can analyze transport policy-making based on the forward and backward process from the view of mathematical science. On all of transport factors expressed in form of interval number, we obtain fuzzy information effectively to evaluate the degree of deviation well. Ultimately using a concrete case, we describe the process of transport policy-making based on the forward and backward process in detail.

Simulation Study on Dynamic System of Industrial StructureEvolution in China Based on System Dynamics

FAn De-cheng, LI Hao, LIU Yun

2017, 26(4):  177-184.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0098

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This paper analyzes the constitution of the dynamic system of industrial structure evolution, based on summarizing and appraising objectively the research results of industrial structure evolution at home and abroad. Then, the dynamical system is sub-divided, and dynamic factors are refined according to the components of the dynamic system. We establish SD models of industrial structure evolution with the system dynamics to explore the causal correlation of dynamic factors and sub systems. It is showed that consumer spending has a positive effect on the industrial structure evolution which is maximal as a driving force. R&D spending in government policy has also played a positive role, while education expenditure has played a negative role in the industrial structure evolution from the simulation. Foreign direct investment generally plays a promoting role but also plays some negative effects.

Construction of Workplace Fun Type Model and EmpiricalStudy of its Function Based on Mixed Methods

WANG Ya-ming, TANG Jie, LIU Wen-bin

2017, 26(4):  185-191.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0099

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This paper adopts mixed researching methods to analyze enterprises’ practicing type and effects of workplace fun. Based on proposing theoretical model, we modify measuring scale of Chinese workplace fun. Then, we collects big-sample data to verify reliability and validity of this scale and explores different effects of various workplace fun on employees’ performance. Data analysis shows that reliability and validity of the four-type structure including sociality-oriented, relaxation-oriented, assistant-oriented and welfare-oriented fun is satisfying. However, different types of workplace fun have obvious different effects on employees’ satisfaction, working performance and organizational citizenship behavior.

Study on Multi-project Human Resources Allocationof Engineering Construction Enterprise—Based on the Perspective of Competence and Two-level Optimization

HOU Yan-hui, RAO Wei-zhen, HAO Min

2017, 26(4):  192-199.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2017.0100

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The multi-project human resource optimization configuration problem of engineering construction enterprise is discussed in the paper. Targeted at project management which is the key human resources for the project, based on the competency model, the project management capability grading index system of engineering construction enterprise is built, and a specific ability-rank evaluation method is given to solve the grading and sorting problem of personnel to be assigned. Furthermore, aiming at period-equilibrium and minimization of total labor cost of multi-project, a two-stage optimization model is built, the composite solution algorithm based on linear programming algorithm and the greedy algorithm is presented and a MATLAB program is designed to solve the model. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of optimal allocation model and solution algorithm.