Table of Content

25 May 2018, Volume 27 Issue 5

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

Research on Genetic Algorithm and Greedy Method of Stowage Planning in Multiple Ports

ZHENG Fei-feng, MEI Qi-huang, LIU Ming, ZHANG Xiao-ning

2018, 27(5):  1-7.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0104

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In the logistics and transportation industry, container transportation has become a major transport businesses of ports along the Yangtze River. Container handling process, and especially the container stowing process has directly affected the liner transport efficiency. The stowage planning development is essential for liner transportation. In this paper, the linear programming problem is solved by CPLEX, and a Greedy Method (GM) and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) are designed to solve the problem of the large-scale container ship stowing problem. In the simulation experiment, GA can obtain the same solution with CPLEX in small cases and the validity of the GA is verified. In large-scale cases, CPLEX cannot solve this problem, but the result of GA is superior to the GM, It is proved that the result of GA is superior to the solution of GM and the efficiency of liner transportation also improves and reduces the cost of shipping companies, which can guide the formulation of container stowing plan for ports along the Yangtze River.

Modeling and Solving Selective Traveling Salesman Problem with Stochastic Customers

ZHANG Meng-ying, QIN Jin, LIANG Liang

2018, 27(5):  8-14.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0105

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A new routing problem is introduced and named as the selective traveling salesman problem with stochastic customers. The problem is put forward to address how to deal with stochastic customer presence under the environment in which an associated profit is obtained once a customer is visited. It is defined on a complete graph in which profits are associated with the vertices and travel costs are associated with the edges. Each vertex (customer) has a probability of requiring a visit. It can be used to model the routing problems existed in the direct-to-customer deliveries in the last mile logistics and provide more economic delivery tours. A mathematical formulation is provided after a detailed description of this problem. The objective is to find a subset of customers to visit and a priori tour through those customers which does not violate the maximum expected travel distance constraint and maximizes the expected profit. This problem is NP hard. To solve this complicated problem, an improved genetic algorithm is designed to find the Pareto-optimal solutions, and experiments were conducted on a series of test problems. The computational results show a good performance of the proposed algorithm.

Environmental Friendly Bi-level Resource Allocation Programming under Uncertain Condition

ZHOU Xiao-yang, TU Yan, HAN Jing

2018, 27(5):  15-21.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0106

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In this paper, we discuss the environmental friendly resource allocation problem under the uncertain condition, where the leader is the head office, who allocates the resource properly to maximize the profit and minimize the pollution; the follower is the processing plants, who decide the production amount of every products to get their best profit. In this problem, we suggest that the products' price, the capacity and the cost obey random distribution, and the environment pollution factors are fuzzy variables. Based on the above statement, an uncertain chance constrained bi-level resource allocation model is constructed. In order to make the model solvable, we then convert the uncertain model into the equivalent model, and adopt the interactive satisfied method to transform the bi-level model into a kind of single level model. At last, we use a numerical example to test and verify the feasibility and efficiency of the model and the solution method. Besides, there are confidence levels and satisfied degrees in the models which may affect the result to some extent, hence we also proceed the sensitivity analysis to show the relationship between the result and the confidence levels and satisfied degrees, respectively.

Research on Determination Mechanism of Two-Person Evolutionary Game Strategy

PAN Feng, WANG Lin

2018, 27(5):  22-30.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0107

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A two-person evolutionary game model is established in the condition of bounded rationality. Based on the implication of equilibrium point determinant and trace, the evolutionarily stable strategy under 16 situations is analyzed, the decision process from stability analysis of equilibrium point is discussed, and the mechanism of strategy selection is revealed from the strategy comparing perspective. The results show that the evolutionarily stable strategy of game system is determined by the relative net payoff under different strategies. The basic influencing factors of one’s decision include adverse strategy choice and his payoff comparing of strategy. The game participant tends to choose the greater payoff strategy in the condition of adverse strategy fixed. Finally, we take the game between local governments and between local government and enterprise in pollution treatment for example. The application value in policy design of model is illustrated. For different cases, as long as the payoff matrix of the two person game is cleared, the behavior evolution rule and stable strategy will be determined by calculating relative net pay, so as to simplify the calculation process, and provide theoretical reference for policy design more directly and more easily.

Analysis of Evolutionary Game between Logistics Enterprises and Banks Based on Warehouse Receipts Financing

CHAI Zheng-meng, DUAN Li-li

2018, 27(5):  31-39.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0108

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A good cooperation relationship between the bank and logistics company is the premise and the basic condition for continual development of logistics financial business. In this paper, we analyze the supervision and shielding problem between bank and the logistics company based on the evolutionary game theory considering the warehouse receipts financing. Moreover, it provides a theoretical basis for establishing a good cooperation relationship according to the evolutionary procedure and evolutionary result with the replicator dynamics equations and the phase diagram. The results show that the system’s evolutionary direction is influenced by the players’ payoff and system’s initial status. Moreover, the key factors that affect the system’s evolutionary result, the bank’s supervision cost, the bank's earnings losses, the logistics company’s shielding cost and the fine of logistics company are researched in this paper. Furthermore, the external force will promote the desired evolutionary stable strategy(not shielding, not supervising).

Research on Carbon Emission Reduction of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises in the Background of Low Carbon: the View of Evolutionary Game

XU Jian-zhong, FU Jing-wen

2018, 27(5):  40-48.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0109

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Through low carbon development to promote sustainable economic development is the forefront of research. This paper discusses the issue of carbon emission in China’s equipment manufacturing enterprises, the three party evolutionary game model of equipment manufacturing enterprise, government and three party supervision institution is set up under the background of low-carbon. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the results showed that: The low carbon evolution decision of equipment manufacturing enterprises is the result of the game between three parties, and the evolution of single variable is limited; There should be no production in the traditional way to the chances of enterprises under the background of low carbon; government regulation cost and reduce the equipment manufacturing enterprises in the low carbon transition cost, increase the traditional manufacturing enterprises and the third party supervision mechanism does not perform the duty of supervision of the penalty, increase the low carbon production enterprises subsidies, can effectively promote the three party subject to the ideal evolution of low carbon operation mode.

Research on New Generation of Migrant Workers’ Strategic Choice in the Process of Struggling for Interests in the Background of Social Integration

SONG Yan, SU Zi-feng, SUN Dian

2018, 27(5):  49-57.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0110

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This paper analysis the strategies of migrant workers in the struggle of interests against enterprises. Through the sequential game theory, decision tree and the method of numerical simulation for references, we firstly discuss about how the cost of rights protection in accordance with the law and the illegal cost of enterprise impact on strategy selection under the condition of different system parameters. Secondly, the study finds out the equilibrium strategies of migrant workers for different system parameters. And then we put forward a relational expression to describe the condition that the two system parameters should satisfy. It is shown that the high cost of rights protection could not lead migrant workers more likely to choose the strategy of group behavior. And improving the illegal cost will not be effective to avoid jeopardizing the interests of migrant workers. It is suggested that the government should reduce the cost of rights protection in accordance with the law, and should try to minimize the people’s awareness of “NAO-DA”. In addition, they need to strengthen the legal consciousness of the people in accordance with the law.

Research on Crowdsourcing Logistics Capacity Scheduling Based on Instant Distribution and Revenue Incentives

MU Jing, DU Tian-yu, LIU Shuang, WANG Xian-ya, LIU Chao, WANG Guo-li

2018, 27(5):  58-65.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0111

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Based on the characteristics of customer requirements for instant delivery that are not entirely rigid, and of participants’ enthusiasm that is not high in the crowdsourcing logistics distribution mode, this paper introduces the fuzzy time window, and quantifies the customer satisfaction rate into the fuzzy function of time that the crowdsourcing logistic personnel arrives at purchaser location. Under the premise of ensuring a certain customer satisfaction, the research on logistics scheduling based on instant distribution and revenue incentives model is constructed in order to maximize the crowdsourcing logistics personnel’s earnings considering the opportunity, overtime, overload punishment cost.Then this paper uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with the dynamic weight to solve the proposed problems, and through the example analysis, the results show that the model is feasible and effective in keeping balance between customer and crowdsourcing logistics personnel.

Closed-loop Supply Chain Production Decision Considering Remanufacturing Patent Licensing under Differentiation Competition

LIU Zhi, LI Bang-yi, WANG Lei, TANG Juan

2018, 27(5):  66-74.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0112

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For high-end products and low-end product differentiation competition, the closed-loop supply chain co-opetition decision-making model is constructed, in which the high-end manufacturer views remanufacturing patent licensing as external factors of competition. The model can be used to explore the effects of remanufacturing patent licensing on production decisions, economic benefits and environmental benefits of the closed-loop supply chain under consumer heterogeneous demands. The results show that for the high-end manufacturer, the remanufacturing patent licensing is proven as an effective differentiation competition strategy, which increases the profit of the high-end manufacturer and reduces the profit of the low-end manufacturer. In addition, the effect of remanufacturing patent licensing strategy on the environment is not always positive. However, the more consumers are willing to pay for the remanufactured product, the higher environmental benefits the remanufacturing patent licensing strategy will bring.

Decisions on the Disclosure of Knowledge Absorptive Capacity in R&D Outsourcing with Two Servicers’ Competition

CHEN Guo, QI Er-shi

2018, 27(5):  75-84.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0113

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In this paper, we study the information disclosure problem in R&D outsourcing when the enterprise outsources two homogeneous R&D tasks to two servicers. Considering these two servicers have different knowledge absorptive capacities and information capturing capacities, we assume only the servicer with poor information capturing capacity doesn’t know the other servicer’s knowledge absorptive capacity. We develop a Stackelberg model to study the optimal information disclosure strategies of both the enterprise and the servicer with strong information capturing capacity. We then reveal the optimal information processing strategy of the servicer with poor information capturing capacity. We further illustrate the conclusions by numerical simulations. We find that only when the revenue that the servicer with weaker knowledge absorptive capacity obtains from selling per unit product is relatively lower, should the enterprise disclose the knowledge absorptive capacity of the other servicer. Only when the knowledge absorptive capacity of the servicer with strong information capturing capacity is weaker, should it disclose its knowledge absorptive capacity. The servicer with poor information capturing capacity should always believe the information disclosed by the other servicer. Information disclosure strategies of both the enterprise and the servicer with strong information capturing capacity have different influences on each side.

Connectivity Reliability of Maritime Transportation Network for Crude Oil Based on Uncertainty Theory

LU Jing, WANG Shuang

2018, 27(5):  85-94.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0114

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Maritime transportation network of crude oil is the maritime lifeline of the crude oil importer. In order to scientifically measure the connectivity reliability of the maritime transportation network for crude oil, when nodes in the network are affected by the extreme events, this paper applies the uncertainty variable to describe the connectivity situation for each node after the occurrence of extreme events, and introduces the uncertainty theory to evaluate the connectivity reliability of the maritime transportation network for crude oil. It also establishes the most reliable path choice model for the uncertain maritime transportation network of crude oil. The uncertainty variable introduced in this paper can reflect the uncertainty of the maritime transportation network of crude oil caused by the extreme events, which no longer needs more historical data to calibrate the probability distribution of node failure. Meanwhile, the most reliable path choice model proposed in this paper can ensure timely delivery of crude oil after the occurrence of extreme events. This paper also presents α-most reliable path and very most reliable path choice problem, and provides the uncertainty distribution of the most reliable path, which offers basis for decision-makers to choose the path after the occurrence of extreme events. In this paper, China's maritime transportation network of imported crude oil is an example for the case study.

Application Research

Smart Grid Energy Procurement Strategies under the Supply of Wind Energy

WANG Tian, DENG Shi-ming

2018, 27(5):  95-103.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0115

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The changes of electricity market from the introduction of smart grid are envisioned to be revolutionary on both power generation side and power consumption side. Wind energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions and other pollution but its supply is uncertain. How to deal with the uncertainty of wind energy for the stability of smart grid is still indispensable, especially with the integration of flexible demand side management. In this paper, we analyze a multi-period energy procurement problem in a smart grid community with wind energy integration, under the pre-announced information of day-ahead real time prices. There is an energy aggregator who is responsible for centralized controlling of energy procurement and consumption. It is assumed that the aggregator can delay time-adjustable demand if necessary during all operating periods. By using finite-horizon dynamic programming, we show the optimal procurement policy for the aggregator is to procure traditional energy only when the price is less than a certain threshold that depends on the information of the price statistics, the wind energy distribution and the time left to the deadline. To decide the optimal procurement amount, the aggregator makes trade-offs between two supplies, traditional energy with cost or free wind energy with uncertainty, to choose a more cost-effective energy. Numerical studies for comparing our optimal policy with other two policies, procuring energy on estimation of wind energy and procuring energy on arrived demand, are conducted. The cost-savings of our optimal policy are remarkable if given great price fluctuations. We also examine the robustness of our optimal policy in the scenarios with historical and seasonal wind energy data. The results show that our optimal policy can achieve remarkable cost-savings even with small wind scenarios and/or high percentage of adjustable demand. Moreover, the robustness of our optimal policy in different seasons is well observed.

Loan-to-value Ratio of Port’s Inventory Financing with Price Dependent Demand

LU Bo, YANG Xian-fei, WANG Shou-yang

2018, 27(5):  104-109.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0116

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Cooperating with bank for inventory financing, port not only can increase storage income and financing income, but also can attract more customers to improve income of main business. It is assumed that bank grants unified credit to port. So port takes all financial risks. This paper introduces calculation model of optimal loan-to-value ratio and maximum expected profit of port which is risk neutral, when demand is dependent on inventory price. And analysis is shown about impacting on optimal Loan-to-value ratio and maximum expected profit by price of inventory, enterprise default probability, quantity of inventory and pledge period under the condition of multiplicative and additive stochastic demand function. And all the conclusions are verified by numerical analysis.

The Study on the Marketing Strategy and Community Participation Strategy of Open Source Service Provider

LIU Ying, LIAO Xiu-wu, LI Xin-ming

2018, 27(5):  110-118.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0117

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Open source software is developed voluntarily and collaboratively in open source community. This kind of software development model is untraditional and efficient. Open source community mainly consists of software users and open source service provider. Through a three-stage model, this paper studies the marketing strategy of open source service provider and the impact of user innovation on its community participation strategy. The results are as follows. First, if there are less high value users in the market, the service provider should adopt low quality and low price strategy. Otherwise it should adopt high quality and high price strategy. Second, the service provider should avoid free-riding on contributions of others. In order to increase profit from service, it has to put some effort into open source community and improve the quality of open source software. Third, when there are a lot of target users in the service market and the users in the open source community have strong motives to contribute, the service provider should adopt high participation strategy, otherwise it should adopt low participation strategy. This study provides some practical guidance for open source service provider with regard to how to take advantage of and participate in open source community.

Research on the Co-evolution of Knowledge and Social System Based on Individual Heterogeneity in OKC

QIU Jiang-nan, ZHANG Ye, XU Kai

2018, 27(5):  119-129.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0118

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In the environment of Web 2.0, more and more people are getting used to learning online. As an important platform of learning, using and sharing knowledge, Online Knowledge Community (OKC) develop rapidly. However, the existing study of the co-evolution model of social system and knowledge system in OKC pays more attention to the way that social system influences individual knowledge construction and community knowledge construction. In this paper, we introduce the co-evolution model of social system and knowledge system in OKC and take the individual heterogeneity as a new influential factor here, which can simulate the changing process of agent's view, cognitive structure and relationship in an open online knowledge community. In the process of online communication, a relational network, which is based on trust, is regarded as the social system in the community. And the view , which is based on individual cognitive structure, is regarded as the knowledge system of the community. By introducing the internal and external heterogeneity of the individual as the influencing factors to the co-evolution model, it is proved that the individual heterogeneity , like learning ability and tolerance, have a significant effect on the communication and the social network in OKC. This paper can provide theoretical support for the research on the self-organization in OKC.

Evaluation of Sustainable Development Ability of Enterprises Based on Accelerating Genetic Algorithm Pojection Pursuit Model

SU Yi, YU Yue-qi

2018, 27(5):  130-139.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0119

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Sustainable development ability is the the key factor for an enterprise to have its core competence. How to evaluate the sustainable development ability scientifically is very meaningful for an enterprise in its future development.The existing model is unable to evaluate the dynamic nonlinear optimization problem. In this paper, the projection pursuit model is constructed, and the genetic algorithm based on real coding is used to solve the model. Using the above model, this paper chooses 496 GEM companies as samples to conduct empirical research. The results show that: first of all, only 1.61% of the enterprises’ sustainable development ability is in a good condition. Secondly, 36.29% of the enterprises’ sustainable development ability is in a middle level. The last but not the least, 62.10% of the enterprises' sustainable development ability is in a poor level. Based on the empirical research, this paper puts forward suggestions for enterprises to promote the sustainable development ability, including establishing the reasonable capital structure, increasing debt paying ability, improving the management ability, broading the financing channels, and improving the market environment.

Method of Large-scale Interactive Group Evaluation Based on Relational Network

ZHANG Fa-ming, ZHAO Jing, HUANG Li-ling, YU Ting

2018, 27(5):  140-148.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0120

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For the problem of how to aggregate group information effectively of large-scale interactive group evaluation, this paper takes relational network as the breakthrough point and a methodology is proposed. Firstly, the evaluators are regarded as nodes and a relational network matrix is constructed by calculating the positive and negative correlation coefficient between nodes. Secondly, the node center degree and subgroup condensation degree are designed to measure the importance of node and subgroup. And then, the consistency and stability of group assessment information is measured to determine interaction termination conditions. Finally, we introduce the phase weight to aggregate information and order the results. An example validates the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.

Research on Dynamic Mechanisms of Innovation Diffusion and Its Simulation Based on the Social Network Structure

CAO Xia, ZHANG Lu-peng, LIU Guo-wei

2018, 27(5):  149-156.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0121

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With a massive influx of social capital, the influence of social network structure on innovation diffusion is gradually increasing. Dynamic models of evolution of innovation diffusion based on different topological structures are created after analyzing the mechanisms of innovation diffusion. Using access of information, innovative concepts of leaders, opportunity interest as dynamic elements for innovation diffusion, making a simulation analysis of evolutionary game of complicated networks, we reveal a diffusion of innovative technologies under different topological structures such as scale-free network and small world network. The results of simulation demonstrate that if the network structure is the same, access of information has a greater influence on innovation diffusion; if the dynamic elements are the same, the better main bodies of network are aligned, the fuller are the innovation diffusion.

Evaluation of Carbon Emissions Trading Market Efficiency under Differentiation System Design

YANG Yue, CHENG Li-wei

2018, 27(5):  157-167.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0122

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According to China’s carbon emission trading pilot phase “difference” system design features, we build the digital input-output efficiency evaluation index system of carbon trading market from six aspects such as distribution system, flexible mechanism, control range, trading rules, report and verification system, and legal system. To control the unbalanced external environment impact on efficiency, measuring the difference coefficient of different pilot areas, the purpose is to modify data output indexes. The measure of the pilot areas carbon trading market efficiency suggests that: First, after stripping out outside the system, carbon trading market efficiency of Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing three provinces declined, while the remaining four provinces input-output efficiency increased. We illustrate the rationality of differentiation system design which can effectively correct the external environment of regional carbon trading market efficiency influence. We also discuss the design effectiveness of the carbon trading market differentiation system, control system factors of necessity and reasonableness. Second, the system design itself of seven pilot carbon trading market has not been effective. Guangdong has the optimal efficiency only charged with low percentage of industry control range design. The efficiency of Chongqing and Tianjin is low, followed by Shanghai, Shenzhen and Beijing. Due to the unreasonable scope design, high barriers to entry, a serious shortage of MRV workers, Hubei has the worst market efficiency.

An Economic Evaluation Method for Oil Sands Development and Its Application

GUO Rui, LUO Dong-kun, GUO Yi-yuan, WANG Xiao-yu, LIU Jian-ye

2018, 27(5):  168-176.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0123

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With the continuous development of China’s oil companies in Canada’s oil sands, how to reduce the risk of oil sands development project and how to improve the scientific decision-making has become increasingly important. As an important focus of investment decisions, the research on corresponding economic evaluation methods of oil sands has very important meanings. This paper comprehensively analyzes the technical features of mining development of oil sands and Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) of oil sands. We select the discount cash flow theory as the theoretical basis and build the mining development and SAGD development economic evaluation model respectively, and meanwhile study parameters estimation method involved in the model systematically, such as income, investment and cost. Through the actual evaluation for certain oil sands test area of Xinjiang, the feasibility of the method is validated. As a desk study of economic evaluation for oil sands development project, the method could provide certain reference basis for economic evaluation for oil sands development in Canada and China.

Management Science

Optimal Lot-sizing and Choice of Energy Saving Modes for a Manufacturer with Improving Energy Efficiency

OUYANG Jian-jun, SHEN Hou-cai, LUO Zi-can

2018, 27(5):  177-185.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0124

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With the implementation of many stringent environmental policies, improving energy efficiency has played an important role in operations management for those energy-intensive manufacturers in China. In this paper, we first analyze the optimal lot-sizing for an energy-intensive manufacturer with improving energy efficiency, and then study the optimal choice of energy saving modes for the manufacturer by formulating dynamic lot size models under three types of energy saving modes, i.e., self-saving, shared savings and guaranteed savings. Our results show that the optimal lot-sizing satisfies “zero-inventory” rules. Through numerical study, we further show that: (1)the manufacturer will prefer the second mode to the first when the investment cost coefficient ratio of the energy service company to the manufacturer and the predicted energy-saving rate of energy performance contracting are both small; otherwise, the manufacturer will prefer the first mode to the second; (2)the manufacturer will choose the second mode or the third mode, when the predicted savings rate of energy performance contracting is small; otherwise, the manufacturer will prefer the second mode to the third mode.

Research on “Company+Farmer” Contract Farming Supply Chain Decision Model with Two Way Compensation Mechanism

YE Fei , CAI Zi-gong

2018, 27(5):  186-193.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0125

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Based on the characteristics of the contract farming, the paper establishes a model of agricultural supply chain for the company and the farmer. The traditional contract price terms of contract farming, such as, “fixed price”, “market price” and “protection price”, have some advantages and disadvantages. However, they can not coordinate the “company+farmer” type of contract-farming supply chain well. The contract-farming’s default rate is also high. To solve this problem, the new contract mechanism “two-way compensation” to coordinate the contract farming supply chain is proposed. The study suggests that the new contract mechanism “two-way compensation” can make up the deficiencies about the contract mechanism “fixed price” and “market price” and achieve relative stable revenues of both the company and farmer, so as to enhance the robustness of the“company+farmer” contract farming supply chain. At the same time, the implementation of the “two-way compensation” coordination mechanism can make up the defect of the “protection price” contract price term where the company has to take all risks and achieve the company and farmer “revenue sharing, risk taking”.

Design and Application of Health Care Platform Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Cloud

TAI Lei-lei, WANG Shan

2018, 27(5):  194-199.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2018.0126

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The health cloud of traditional Chinese medicine can integrate the characterization and standardization of traditional Chinese medicine with big data and artificial intelligence. Based on the urgent demand for the traditional Chinese medicine health cloud and health care services by the aging population, this paper constructively studies traditional Chinese medicine health cloud services platform and its architecture design, and analyzes the key technology of traditional Chinese medicine health cloud platform, and then puts forward the design application of traditional Chinese medicine health cloud in health care services. In order to integrate traditional Chinese medicine wisdom with Internet and big data, we should dynamically track and consult real-time health for elderly population, so as to provide timely, effective and targeted health care services for the elderly.