Table of Content

25 April 2013, Volume 22 Issue 2

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

Inverse-S Shaped Weighting Function in a Two Stage Supply Chain

CHEN Jun-lin, ZHAO Xiao-bo

2013, 22(2):  1-7. 

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Studies of behavioral economics show that people are not perfectly rational but always behave with risk attitudes, one of which is that they possibly overweigh low-probability events and underweigh high-probability events. This risk attitude is generally expressed by an inverse S-shaped weighting function. This paper considers a two stage supply chain with a retailer who faces a constant demand, and a supplier who is subject to random yield risk. The retailer decides order quantities from the supplier, with which the supplier decides production quantities. We use Stackelberg game to model the problem and obtain the optimal decisions for both retailer and supplier. We incorporate an inverse S-shaped weighting function into the model construct and discuss risk attitudes of the retailer and the supplier respectively. By comparing risk-averse models with the risk-neutral model, we observe that the supplier chain is conditionally coordinated in risk-averse models, while it cannot be coordinated in risk-neutral model. We also present numerical examples to clearly illustrate this observation.

Research on Eco-Industrial Chain Network Equilibrium Problem Based on Variational Inequality

XU Shi-qin, LIU Guo-shan, LI Chun-fa, HAN Ji-ye

2013, 22(2):  8-19. 

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The eco-industrial chain network equilibrium model is researched by using the theories of variational inequality in this paper. The eco-industrial chain imitates natural ecosystem by manners of materials circulation and patterns of competition and symbiosis between biological colonies to make different enterprises share resources and exchange by-products. Then, it can make by-products generated in the production process of upstream firms become the raw material for the production of downstream firms in order to achieve the maximization of economic and environmental benefits for the enterprises and the whole eco-industrial park. According to the network structure of multi-product(main product, by-product and waste)and multi-level in eco-industrial chain network, we describe the optimizing behavior of the various decision-makers, derive the equilibrium conditions of the system with the corresponding economic interpretation, and establish the eco-industrial chain network equilibrium model. Based on the existence of the solution of the related variational inequality under reasonable assumptions, a numerical example is given to illustrate the rationality as well as the effectiveness of the model.

Stability of the Inventory Coalitions of Manufacturer and Retailers Under Quantity Discount Contract

XIAO Dan, ZHOU Yong-wu

2013, 22(2):  20-26. 

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In practice, there are different forms of alliance and cooperation. This paper focuses on the stability of the coalition of retailers' inventory and the mixture between manufacturer' inventory and retailers' inventory. In this paper, under the random demand, the manufacturer offers multiple downstream retailers the quantity discount through its own central warehouse. At first, it demonstrates that the optimal operation of the two coalitions exists and is the only one possibility, and offers the available form of quantity discounts of the manufacturer and the retail inventory, and then proves the stability of the two coalitions. In the end, the paper draws the conclusion that the expected profit of mixture alliance is better than the expected profit of retailer inventory coalition.

Research of Pricing and Coordinating Policies on Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Competing Retailers in Two Periods

LIN Xin-yi, HUANG Yong, DA Qing-li

2013, 22(2):  27-33. 

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Pricing and production policies are studied on closed-loop supply chains with competing retailers in two periods of product life cycle. In the first period, there exists only one manufacturer and one retailer, and completely new products are produced by the manufacturer by raw materials. In the second period, as new products are produced, used products are collected and remanufactured by manufacturer, and a competing retailer appears. A decentralized-decision model and a centralized-decision model are constructed, and the optimal pricing and production policies are obtained. Our results show that retailers' competition can decrease the retailer price and increase the demand. The whole closed-loop supply chain can be coordinated with revenue sharing contract whose right wholesale price and sharing rate are made, and the win-win status of manufacturer and retailers can be achieved. A numerical example is given to prove the conclusions above.

Contract Design and Coordination Strategy for Software Service Supply Chain

ZHANG Zong-ming, LIAO Xiu-wu, LIU Shu-lin

2013, 22(2):  34-43. 

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In this paper, we discuss the software development contract design and coordination issues under a decentralized supply chain and compare the performances of different contract forms with that of an integrated supply chain. Three types of contracts are taken into account, which are fixed-price contract, sales-incentive contract and cost-sharing contract. The impact of these contract types on the profit of the supply chain, as well as the incentive mechanism and the application environment of these contracts is investigated. The results indicate that cost-sharing contract has the highest incentive level, which can achieve the performance under integrated supply chain; fixed-price contract is most suitable to the situation where software users pay less attention to the quality and more attention to the price of software, and where the costs of software development are higher; sales-incentive contract is most suitable to the situation where software users pay more attention to the quality and less attention to the price of software, as well as where the costs of software development are lower; cost-sharing contract is most applicable to the situation where it is convenient to monitor and measure the costs of software development.

Impact of Risk Aversion on Optimal Decisions in Markdown Money Contract

WU An-bo, LI Gang, SUN Lin-yan, SUN Rong-ting

2013, 22(2):  44-56. 

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We consider a newsvendor problem in a supply chain that consists of a risk-neutral manufacturer as the Stackelberg leader and a risk-averse retailer as the follower. In a Conditional Value-at-Risk(CVaR)framework, we examine how the manufacturer contracts a wholesale-price agreement with its retailer that maximizes its profit. We also propose a markdown-money policy that can achieve supply chain coordination. We study the impact of the degree of risk aversion on the retailer's and manufacturer's optimal decisions. And we show how the manufacturer sets a markdown money contract, which enhances both profits of two parties and improves supply chain efficiency. Finally, we design numerical examples to verify the feasibility of the model and the theoretical analysis.

A Supply Chain Planning Problem Based on the Quality Control

YAN Yan, LIU Xiao, WAN Chao

2013, 22(2):  57-63. 

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This paper researches a supply chain plan problem based on quanlity control , analyses the application skills of lifecycle functions, and a relationship between the perishable cost and time is developed. Meanwhile,it considers transportation risk relevent to traffic and weather, and develops a supply chain plan problem optimal model to minimize total costs. Subsequently, it gets the solution with dynamic programming.Simulation results indicate validity and practicability of the algorithm.

Game Analysis of Closed-loop Supply Chain Competition and Coordinative Contract Design Within Supply Chain

XU Bing, YANG Jin-mei

2013, 22(2):  64-71. 

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We assume that the manufacturer entrusts the retailer to reclaim used products for remanufacturing. This paper studies the competition between two closed-loop supply chains(CLSCs)and coordination within one SC, where each SC consists of one manufacturer and one retailer. With game theory and equilibrium analysis method, an EPEC(Equilibrium Problems with Equilibrium Constrains)model, a Nash equilibrium model and a MPEC(Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constrains)model are set up respectively to characterize the competition between two decentralized CLSCs, two centralized CLSCs, one decentralized CLSC and one centralized CLSC. The solutions of these models are put forward. Based on contract theory, a wholesale price plus recovery subsidy contract is put forward, which can coordinate retailer's retail price and recovery price decisions under the situation of SC competition. A numerical example validates the rationality of models and the validity of the contract mentioned above. The results of study show that the retail price and demand will increase when the substitution effect of products increases; the more sensitive of consumers to recovery prices, the more recovery quantity and the profit of supply chain; SC coordination is dominative strategy under the situation of SC competition, which can improve the efficiency of supply chain operation, but the competition between two coordinative supply chains is so fierce that the phenomenon of Prisoners Trap exists.

Robust Scheduling Optimization of Emergency Rescue Based on Resource Constraints

HU Xin-bu, HE Zheng-wen, XU Yu

2013, 22(2):  72-79. 

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Scheduling optimization of emergency rescue has an important effect on the smooth execution of rescue activities and the effective utilization of emergency resources. This paper involves the robust scheduling optimization problem of resource-constrained emergency rescue. In the problem, the robustness is defined as the sum of the products of time buffer and weight coefficient of activities, and the objective is to determine start time and performing mode of activities so as to maximize the schedule robustness under the constraints of resource availability and rescue deadline. The 0-1 programming optimization model of the problem is constructed and in view of its NP-hardness, a two-loop tabu search heuristic algorithm is developed based on the characteristic of the problem. Ultimately, an instance is calculated and analyzed and the following conclusion is drawn: Given the network structure and time parameters of the emergency rescue, the time buffer can be assigned to the important activities through the definition of their weight coefficients, thus improving the schedule robustness effectively; the schedule robustness tends to ascend with the increase of the resource availability and as the rescue deadline extends, the schedule robustness climbs monotonously. The research in this paper can provide decision supports for the preparation of the base schedule of emergency rescue.

A Study on the Problem of Combined Commodity Storage Optimization Between Government and Enterprises for Emergency Shelters

ZHAO Yan, QI Ming-liang, ZHAO Hong, ZHANG Xu-sheng

2013, 22(2):  80-85. 

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Emergency shelters are important to the large scale disaster such as earthquake. The commodity such as food, drinking water, is not only necessary for emergency response but also peacetime, and must be renewed beyond the quality guarantee period, so its storage should balance the management cost and the availability. But shelter storing mode is more costly and available than shop deputy storing mode. A mixed integer programming model is proposed to decide the storage in emergency shelter and select some shops around it and their deputy storage. The objective is maximizing availability satisfying the constraint of budget. Heuristic algorithm and a numerical example are given at the end.

Research on Load-balancing Vehicle Routing Problem with Uncertain Travel Time

REN Xi-de, ZHU Jian-ming, WANG Jing, HUANG Jun

2013, 22(2):  86-91. 

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The travel time of vehicles is always stochastic. In view of this, a stochastic programming model including time-window and vehicle capacity constraints is given to minimize the number of vehicles, traveling distance, the dissatisfaction of costumers, and the time variance of different routes at the same time. A heuristic algorithm based on tabu search is raised to solve the model, and several cases are generated to prove the efficiency of the algorithm. And the computation result shows that the time-variance of different routes can be optimized without increasing the cost or decreasing the service quality of costumers.

Greedy Algorithm for the Vehicle Allocation Problem With Time Windows

LI Bing, XUAN Hua

2013, 22(2):  92-98. 

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A vehicle allocation problem with time windows is analyzed. The concept of vehicle task is defined. The vehicle allocation problem is transformed into the problem : the vehicle matches the vehicle task. And the greedy method of choice transportation task and vehicle are instituted. On the basis of the above, the greedy algorithm on vehicle allocation is devised. At last a case is proved to validate the feasibility of the algorithm.

A Dynamic Spatial Scheduling Approach Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

MA Shao-hui, WANG Jing-qiu, LU Chun-xia, GE Shi-lun

2013, 22(2):  99-104. 

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In this paper we propose a dynamic spatial scheduling approach based on hybrid genetic algorithm(GA). GA is used to determine the optimal processing sequence. In the process of decoding, the location of work pieces is determined by a dynamic heuristic location strategy, called an average maximized idle rectangle strategy. We use the weighted completion time and space utilization as the fitness function, which fully considers the dynamic nature and the correlation between time and space in a space schedule problem. Every individual in population is a scheduling sequence, and the optimal solution can be found in the process of evolution. Finally, the effectiveness and the practicability of the algorithm are confirmed by both a simulation study and empirical comparative study based on the actual data of a shipyard.

Optimal Decision for Joint Wind-thermal Power Based on KKT and Quantum Genetic Algorithm

WEI Ya-nan, NIU Dong-xiao

2013, 22(2):  105-110. 

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The decision-making model for joint wind-thermal power considering both economic benefit and energy conservation and emission reduction benefit is investigated by KKT and solved by quantum genetic algorithm. Considering the characteristics of wind power and thermal power, economic benefit function and energy conservation and emission reduction function are established as well as relevant constraints, and finally a multi-objective decision-making model is established. The multi-objective model is changed into single goal in KKT framework and solved by quantum genetic algorithm. A numerical example is given which suggests that the proposed KKT and quantum genetic algorithm is more accurate and with less computational time than commonly used optimization methods. It has great superiority in decision-making for joint wind-thermal power.

Decision Making Method Based on Multiplicative Consistent Incomplete Reciprocal Judgment Matrix

LIU Hong-bin, CAI Jian-feng

2013, 22(2):  111-117. 

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A decision making method is proposed to deal with decision making problems with incomplete reciprocal judgment matrix which satisfies multiplicative consistency. Firstly, the definition of multiplicative consistent reciprocal judgment matrix is simplified and several other expressions of the definition are given. Furthermore, a method to compute missing elements of the incomplete judgment matrix from the special known n-1 elements is given. Then the acceptance conditions of incomplete reciprocal judgment matrix and the measurement and adjustment method of the matrix are presented. Then three decision making steps for incomplete reciprocal judgment matrix are given: the measurement and adjustment of the incomplete reciprocal judgment matrix consistency, the iterative process to calculate missing values of the incomplete reciprocal matrix and selection of the best alternative. Finally, a numerical example is given. Through the computation of this example and the comparison between the proposed method and the known method in other papers, it demonstrates that the solution process of the method proposed in this paper is simple and effective.

Research on Distribution Center Selection Based on Importance of Decision-makers

ZHANG Lian-huai, ZHOU Bao-gang, GUO Ya-jun

2013, 22(2):  118-124. 

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Taking into account the differences of individual expertise and experience of decision-makers, this paper proposes a fuzzy multiple attribute group decision-making based on the importance of decision-makers to solve the logistics distribution center location. The final decision-maker assigns weights according to the different degree of each expert. Decision-makers give the weights and ratings of the alternatives' all levels criteria using linguistic variables. Finally, the integration and defuzzification method is used to calculate the ranking order of alternatives of distribution center.

Ranking Method Based on the Least Deviation and Relative Preponderant Degree for Interval Numbers Complementary Judgment Matrix

ZHOU Hong-an

2013, 22(2):  125-128. 

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With regard to the multi-objective decision-making problems, in which the preference information provided by the decision maker takes the form of interval numbers complementary judgment matrix. Firstly, the concept of relative preponderant degree and theorem of interval numbers additive consistent complementary judgment matrix are presented. Then, an objective programming model is established and the weighted vector of the interval numbers complementary judgment matrix is obtained by solving the model. The alternatives are ranked by using the total relative superiority of every weighted vector. A ranking method based on the least deviation and relative preponderant degree for interval numbers complementary judgment matrix is proposed. The core of this method is development of the ranking method of numerical complementary judgment matrix. Finally, a practical example is illustrated to show the feasibility and availability of the developed method.

Preliminary Research on Grey Inverse DEA Model

WANG Jie-fang

2013, 22(2):  129-134. 

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Inverse DEA model with grey interval data is researched preliminarily. Wecompare the efficiency interval of the evaluated decision making unit after changing the inputs or outputs with its original efficiency interval. If the credibility degree of the latter equal or greater than the former is equivalent to the credibility degree of the latter less or equal to the former, then it is considered that the efficiency level of the evaluated decision making unit remains unchanged; when the evaluated decision making unit is non DEA effective, the sufficient and necessary conditions for existence of solution to inverse DEA model with grey interval data and the solution expressions are given; when the evaluated decision making unit is weak DEA effective, partial solutions are shown.

Application Research

Research of Scheduling Outpatient Appointments Based on Patients' Satisfaction

QIN Lan, XU Yan-feng

2013, 22(2):  135-142. 

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In order to advance the application of appointment strategy in the hospital, we study the degree of patient satisfaction with different appointment strategies in this paper. Considering the practical situation, this paper proposes a new index to measure the degree of patient satisfaction-weighted waiting time, establishes a queuing model aiming at maximizing patients' satisfaction, and analyzes two common appointment strategies used by most hospitals today: one is appointment with multiple priorities; the other is appointment according to different time period. By comparing two appointment strategies and none-appointment strategy, the author proves that appointment according to time is better than appointment with multiple priorities, and both appointment strategies are better than queuing strategies without appointment. Further more, the author make an optimized analysis of the two appointment strategies to get their best proportions of patients with appointment and without appointment respectively so as to provide theoretical foundation for better application of the strategies. Finally, the author demonstrates that the appointment strategy is reasonable and effective with a numerical example.

Forecasting Model of Sensing Data for Sensor Networks Based on Fuzzy Time Series

NAN Guo-fang, ZHOU Shuai-yin, LI Min-qiang, KOU Ji-song

2013, 22(2):  143-149. 

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The monitoring system by using sensor networks belongs to large scaled complex network, where sensing data are delivered at a fixed time interval in a predefined way to the sink node for user queries, thereby the application environment can be monitored. Due to the fact that the quality of service is affected by sensor networks and the application environment, the sensor data collected is usually with uncertainty. In addition, the mechanism of periodically report may also lead to inaccurate information for real time application. In this paper, we apply time series model to forecast the sensor data, then response the user queries, which will reduce the communication overhead. By analyzing sensing data produced by sensor networks, a multi-attribute fuzzy time series forecasting model is also introduced, and it takes the trend factor existing in time series into consideration. An improved model that suits the forecast of sensing data is ultimately proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy time series forecasting model can effectively predict future sensing data of sensor networks and improve the predicting accuracy.

Ordering Policies for Deteriorating Item Under Two Levels of Trade Credit Policy with Customers Partially Delay in Payments

JIA Tao, ZHENG Yi, XU Yu, CHANG Jian-long

2013, 22(2):  150-158. 

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The EOQ inventory model for deteriorating item is considered. In a single item distribution channel, the supplier offers a fixed credit period to the retailer, while the retailer in turn provides customers a partially permissible delay in payments. Five distinct cases of the system are explored, and after analyzing the cost structure of the retailer under every scenario, the proper mathematical model is established to find the optimal ordering cycle, so that the total cost incurred per unit time has minimum value. Then the properties of the objective function are derived, and it is shown that there exists at most one minimum point under every situation within its feasible region. Upon this, several propositions are developed to efficiently determine the optimal ordering policy for the retailer. Finally, numerical examples are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Does Mutual Fund's Risk Affect Investors' Sensitivity to Its Performance?

HE Pei-fei, ZHANG Wei-qiang, LIU Chun, WANG Zheng-wei

2013, 22(2):  159-164. 

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Using panel data of open-end mutual funds from 2005 to 2011, this paper investigates how the volatility of mutual fund performance affects investors' sensitivity to its performance. After validating the positive relationship between mutual fund flow and performance, we find that: (1)the volatility of performance will dampen mutual funds' positive “flow-performance” relationship: the more volatile the past performance is, the less strongly the flows respond to it; (2)The dampening effect of volatility on mutual funds' “flow-performance” relationship is not the same for mutual funds in different performance ranges: it is strongest in funds with inferior performance and weaker in funds with middle performance, for star funds with superior performance the volatility even has a strengthening effect.

Discrete Portfolio Selection Model and Algorithm under Roundlot Constraint and Concave Transaction Costs

ZHANG Shi-tao

2013, 22(2):  165-171. 

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Given a discrete portfolio selection model with roundlot constraint and concave transaction costs, we propose an exact algorithm for solving the model. The algorithm is of branch-and-bound method based on Lagrangian relaxation and subgradient dual search. To test the effectiveness of the algorithm, we carry out numerical experiments with randomly-generated data. For its application, this paper tests empirically the model with data from CSI300 Index and compares the computational results with those from the discrete portfolio selection model under non-transaction costs. The numerical analysis indicates that the proposed method can give portfolio strategy of the model within a reasonable time and is efficient for solving small-to-medium scale discrete portfolio selection problems.

A General Cournot Model and Its Application with Variable Cost and Nonlinear Demand

LIAO Ping-kang, ZHANG Wei-guo, XIE Bai-shuai, YAN Du-juan

2013, 22(2):  172-179. 

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Considering the variable cost and the general nonlinear demand, this paper develops a general multi-oligopolistic Cournot model following the classic Cournot models. A general method for Nash equilibrium solution is derived with expressions under two special demanding functions. This paper also studies the characters of this model, emphasizing the effect on the equilibrium and the difference with classic models caused by the variable cost. The result shows that variable marginal cost may have an effect on the equilibrium output and the allocation among competitors. These conclusions are beneficial to explaining some economic phenomena. The rare earth resources management is discussed and some countermeasures are proposed, taking rare earth as the representative.

An Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Based Approach for Distributor Assessment

DING Bin, GAN Mao-ru, LIANG Liang

2013, 22(2):  180-187. 

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As manufacturing is experiencing a shift from a seller's market to a buyer's market, many companies start to be driven by distribution management. Distributor selection and management play a key role in distribution channel management and the first step is evaluating distributors reasonably and effectively. Distributor evaluation problem is a classical multi-objective decision making problem. An improved approach based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. Aiming at the limits of subjective determining weights and objective determining weights methods, the index weights are worked out with the combination weighting approach which can combine objectiveness with subjectivity and improve the rationality of old fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. First, several methods for determining weights are tested through Kendall coefficient of consistency and the result is used to choose the optimum combination weighting approach. Then fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to assess the distributor. Finally the comparative analysis and a case study are given to illustrate the validity of the improved approach.

A Second-best Congestion Pricing Model Considering Both Road Network Reliability and Spatial Equity

LÜ Biao, PU Yun, LIU Hai-xu

2013, 22(2):  188-194. 

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According to travelers' risk aversive route choice behaviors under a stochastic road network environment, a second-best congestion pricing bi-level programming model considering both network reliability and spatial equity is proposed. In the upper level model, the optimization objective is to maximize the social welfare of the road network with the spatial equity constraints, while the lower level model is an elastic demand user equilibrium model with travel time reliability taken into account in the presence of congestion pricing. In consideration of the complexity of bi-level programming model, a combined algorithm based on genetic algorithm and Frank-Wolfe algorithm is presented to solve the proposed model. The results of numerical experiments show that, by comparison with traditional second-best congestion pricing model, the proposed model with travel time reliability taken into account can generate evidently different equilibrium flow distribution patterns, which reflects that travelers' route choice behaviors could directly influence the results of congestion pricing. In addition, the results suggest that genetic algorithm is quite robust to different parameter settings.

Evaluation of Computer Information System Integration Project Manager Based on Vague Sets

WANG Ying

2013, 22(2):  195-200. 

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A project manager selection problem is researched in this paper. Groups of evaluation index which can reflect the actual quality of project manager are selected. Meanwhile, with the concept of distance of vague set, the new evaluation method is construction. The method reflects both the advantage of Vague set that can describe the uncertainty problem, and the general characteristics of talent evaluation. So, it has some promotional value. Finally, a fair evaluation result is obtained with a case calculation.

A Two-warehouse System for Deteriorating Items With a Stock-dependent Demand Rate

LIANG Pei-pei, HUANG Guo-hua, SUN Yan-ming

2013, 22(2):  201-206. 

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This paper studies a two-warehouses system with a stock-dependent demand rate and deteriorating items. Firstly, for the cases with shortages backlogged, it respectively gives the inventory model and transportation strategy under L₁ system(keeping items just with own warehouse)and L₂ system(keeping items with own warehouse and rented warehouse ). Then for the case withshortages not backlogged,the two-warehouse inventory models are built, and also an analysis of the optimal solutionis made. At last,numercial examples are provided for retailers to make the practical inventory decision.

Research on the Infrastructure Investment Performance of Yangtze River Delta Based on Combination Evaluation Method

CHENG Min, LI Jin

2013, 22(2):  207-212. 

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Reasonable evaluation of city infrastructure investment performance is an important basis for scientific investment decision. In order to make an objective and reasonable evaluation of infrastructure investment performance for the 25 cities in Yangtze river delta, a set of evaluation index system is established and the sectional data in 2009 is selected for comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, SE-DEA model, entropy weight TOPSIS model and factor analysis model are used to get cities' ranking respectively. Then, Kendall-W correlation is used to verify the coherence of different method and fussy Borda model is applied to get the final evaluation result. The combination evaluation method makes up for the lack of single method and helps to get more objective and reasonable evaluation result, which could provide reference for the government departments to know the level of infrastructure investment performance and to make scientific investment decisions.

Management Science

Profits and Participants' Decisions Analysis in Public Transport Service Based on Network Governance

WANG Huan-ming, ZHU Da-jian, WU Guang-dong

2013, 22(2):  213-221. 

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In China, the efficiency and justice of urban public bus transport service are incompatible. To solve the problem, this paper uses network governance theory to construct a tripartite mathematical model, which emphasizes the cooperation among governments, enterprises and social groups and can maximize the profit of public bus transport bus service. At the same time, it anatomizes the control rights, effort levels and output levels of the three subjects and their influences on profits of public bus service. The findings show that the profits of public bus service are closely related with the control rights, effort levels and output levels. The service profits can be improved only when the control rights and effort levels are in some ranges. The service profits are bound up with its output levels. If the output level is higher, the service profits will be bigger. The control rights are correlated positively with their output levels and effort levels. All these conclusions are done well by data simulation.

Research on Incentive Mechanism of Enterprises Based on Organizational Commitment

WANG Jian, ZHUANG Xin-tian, JIANG Shuo

2013, 22(2):  222-228. 

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By setting up mathematical models, this paper puts the organizational commitment theory into the study of explicit and implicit incentive mechanism of enterprises. Firstly, the paper designs the incentive mechanism of enterprises according to the type of their organizational commitment under the symmetric information condition. Secondly, under the asymmetric information condition, the paper researches the explicit and implicit incentive mechanism of enterprises according to their external feature, such as the risk preference, the cost of the job, the working ability. Finally, the paper further reviews the impact of the level of enterprise production depending on human labor on the design of incentive mechanism. This research not only improves the standard principle-agent theory, but also provides new ideas and countermeasures for solving the incentive problems of enterprises.

Research on Risk Recognition of Real Estate Projects Based on MIV-BP Neural Network Test

HE Fang, WANG Xiao-chuan, XIAO Sen-yu, LI Xiao-li

2013, 22(2):  229-234. 

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Real estate is a business of high risk. This paper establishes an optimized MIV-BP neural network(Mean Impact Value Back-Propagation Network)which is based on a successful Back-Propagation neural network to identify the risk of real estate projects and to analyze the influence of various factors in the risk of real estate projects, thus to provide some references about the risk recognition for the real estate projects investment decisions and to help the real estate companies to avoid the risk effectively. Some present data related real estate projects are adopted to test the accuracy and objectivity of this model. The test results show the MIV-BP neural network model has an excellent compatibility and more accuracy when it is used in the risk recognition of real estate projects which can meet the experts' evaluation requirements and has a good application value in the analysis of risk factors in real estate projects.

Modeling and Solving Uniform Quay Crane Scheduling Problem with Task Precedence Constraints

FAN Zhi-qiang

2013, 22(2):  235-242. 

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Through the analysis of the influence of difference between QCSP with container groups and QCSP with complete bays, it is pointed out that QCSP with container groups can achieve balance for workload of every quay crane easierly and shorten the makespan of the container vessel. Considering operation efficiency difference among quay cranes, the quay crane scheduling is analyzed as uniform parallel machine scheduling with the task precedence constraints, non-crossing and safety constraints. A new mixed integer programming model for quay crane scheduling with container groups is established, so as to minimize the makespan. Because of its difficulty, a genetic algorithm is designed to obtain the near optimal solutions. A lowerbound is given to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Random instances show that the model can reflect the situation of operation efficiency difference and task precedence constraints. And the results of GA are stable and acceptable in allowable CPU time. Meanwhile, the optimization results in this paper outperform schemes from QCSP with complete bays.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Supervision of Highway Passenger Transport

YU Xiao-Jun, FANG Chun-hua

2013, 22(2):  243-248. 

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A highway passenger transport supervision game model is formulated by using the evolutionary game theory. The behaviors choice between the bus owner of highway passenger transport and the highway passenger transport management department is analyzed. The duplicative dynamic equation of each player in this game is obtained and the evolutionary stable strategy of this game model is investigated. The relation between the evolutionary stable strategy and the parameters is analyized. It is showed that the evolutionary stable strategy of the bus owner of highway passenger transport and the highway passenger transport management department based on bounded rationality depend on the payoff of each player and the initial state of the system. Finally, some reasonable advices based on the evolutionary game model are proposed.

Oligopolistic Competition of Two-sided Platforms with Horizontally Differentiated

ZHANG Kai

2013, 22(2):  249-255. 

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We analyze a model of oligopolistic competition of two-sided platforms with horizontally differentiated, and build a Salop model with two circles. The existence of equilibrium and the structure of equilibrium in different scales of two-sided platforms are the main points in this paper, and several results have been found. In equilibrium, the profit of two-sided platforms depends, on the aggregate and structure of prices, which are made by two-sided platforms, no matter what scales of two-sided platforms are. If there are apparently buyer markets in oligopolistic competition of two-sided platforms, buyers cannot get advantages as they get in single markets. No matter whether buyers are monopolies or in competition, equilibrium does not exist when sellers are in competition. Once there is equilibrium, two-sided platforms, buyers and sellers are all winners.