关键词: 企业家精神, 营商环境, 测度体系, 熵值法

Abstract: China has a vast territory and a large population, with subtle differences in ecological environment, administrative management, and economic levels among different regions. In response to the demands of high-quality development in the new era of China, the “Regulation on Optimizing the Business Environment” was officially implemented on January 1, 2020. This is the first administrative regulation specifically formulated for the business environment in China. It not only stipulates the roles and responsibilities that the government and stakeholders should undertake in the construction of the business environment but also emphasizes the originality and differentiation of exploring the business environment within the legal framework. Therefore, based on the demand for differentiated business environments in China's new era, this paper actively explores new approaches to creating high-quality business environments according to local conditions. Starting from the perspective of entrepreneurs, this paper deeply analyzes the differences in entrepreneurial spirit among entrepreneurs in different regions of mainland China. It hopes to discover the shortcomings in the development of regional business environments through the extraction of these differentiated characteristics, provide important references for nurturing entrepreneurial spirit in various regions, optimizing the business environment, and enhancing economic development. This study aims to explore the regional characteristics of entrepreneurial spirit from the perspective of the business environment.
Firstly, the method of literature research is adopted to construct a quantitative measurement index system for five dimensions of entrepreneurial spirit: innovative spirit, adventurous spirit, professional dedication, sense of responsibility, and learning spirit. This measurement system consists of the above five spirits as the target layer, 13 criteria layers representing the actual performance of entrepreneurial spirit, and 23 quantifiable indicator layers. Panel data from 30 provinces and municipalities in mainland China from 2015 to 2019 are used as research samples to indirectly analyze the entrepreneurial spirit reflected by each province and municipality. The weights of each dimension and indicator are determined using the comprehensive entropy method, and a decision matrix of indicator values for each province and municipality is established to construct a measurement model for the regional characteristics of entrepreneurial spirit in China. Relying on this measurement model and sample data, the scores of the entrepreneurial spirit in each dimension (on a scale of 0~100) are calculated for the 30 provinces and municipalities. This allows for a horizontal and vertical comparison of the different dimensions of entrepreneurial spirit among provinces and municipalities under the same criteria, providing practical references for provinces and municipalities with low scores in certain dimensions of entrepreneurial spirit. Secondly, the provinces and municipalities are divided into six major regions based on universally applicable geographical administrative divisions. A comparative analysis is conducted within each region to explore the scores of entrepreneurial spirit in different regions from the perspectives of geographical location, cultural characteristics, and economic development. The commonalities and characteristics of entrepreneurial spirit development in the same region are revealed. Finally, the scores of entrepreneurial spirit in the five dimensions for the six major regions are summarized for horizontal comparison. Combined with the unique development of the business environment and economic conditions in each region, a comprehensive exploration of the regional differences in entrepreneurial spirit is conducted to find breakthroughs in cultivating original regional entrepreneurial spirit.
The research results show that different regional cultures and economic levels will lead to the differences in the development of regional entrepreneurial spirit. With the continuous development of China's economy and culture, the overall indicators of entrepreneurial spirit in various regions have shown a year-on-year increase. Chinese entrepreneurial spirit exhibits significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and specific differences are reflected in different dimensions of entrepreneurial spirit. Among them, innovative spirit has the smallest regional differences in entrepreneurial spirit, while adventurous spirit has the largest regional differences. In regions with higher economic development, entrepreneurs generally demonstrate outstanding innovative spirit, professional dedication, and learning spirit, while entrepreneurs in less developed areas generally possess a stronger adventurous spirit. Among the five dimensions of entrepreneurial spirit, learning spirit and innovative spirit are factors that have a significant impact on the potential of enterprise and regional economic development. They are also key areas of focus in the process of optimizing the business environment. In order to stimulate balanced development of entrepreneurial spirit in different dimensions across China's regions, the government and relevant departments should make joint efforts. They should adopt targeted cultivation measures based on regional entrepreneurial spirit, actively create a favorable business environment to promote the development of entrepreneurial spirit, and contribute to regional economic development, thus achieving a virtuous cycle.

Key words: entrepreneurship, business environment, measurement system, entropy method