关键词: 服务化转型, 驱动模式, 模糊集定性比较分析

Abstract: The servitization accelerates the transformation of manufacturing enterprises from pure product manufacturers to solution providers, significantly improving the comprehensive strength of enterprises and enhancing the competitive advantages. According to data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese enterprises are paying more attention to the role of service in value-added products. However, in view of the diversified provincial environment, complex industry competition and disparate enterprise resources, the single driving mode may make those enterprises in complex internal and external environments fall into a “servitization dilemma”. Therefore, exploring the differentiation driving mode of servitization has become an urgent problem to be studied.
Based on the PEST analysis model and strategic triangle framework, this paper uses induction and deduction methods to define seven conditions: institutional environment, market scale, human capital, informatization level, customer concentration, team stability and production efficiency. Seven conditions above cover three levels: regional business environment, industry competition structure and enterprise resources base. Among them, based on the institutional base and PEST analysis model, institutional environment, market scale, human capital and informatization level correspond to four types of macro environmental factors: politics, economy, society and technology. Customer concentration, which reflects the bargaining power of buyers, is a meso industry factor concerned by the industrial base view. Team stability and production efficiency respectively reflect the human resources and manufacturing base of the enterprise, and both are micro enterprise factors concerned by the resources base view. This paper attempts to explore the combined effect of the three levels of the antecedents above on the servitization of manufacturing enterprises. The research contributions of this paper mainly include the following two aspects. On one hand, it clarifies the diversified driving modes of manufacturing enterprises' servitization. On the other hand, it alleviates the contradiction between the servitization of manufacturing enterprises and their antecedents.
This paper uses fsQCA3.0 software to explore the antecedent configuration of enterprise servitization and analyze its adequacy, which will enrich the mechanism of the driving factors of enterprise servitization. The research data of this paper mainly comes from following channels: 1.Based on the PEST analysis model, this paper explores the regional macro level conditions that trigger the servitization of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from the four dimensions of politics, economy, society and technology. The data are mainly from Marketization Index of China's Provinces: Neri Report 2021 and Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development in 2021 issued by provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government). 2.Based on the strategic triangle framework, this paper explores the conditions at the industry meso level and the enterprise micro level that drive the servitization of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from the two dimensions of industry competition structure and enterprise resources base. The data are all from CSMAR and WIND databases.
This paper will start from the three antecedent conditions of servitization: regional business environment, industry competition structure and enterprise resources base. It will use the fsQCA method to identify the realization mode of servitization, and analyze the differences between each mode based on the configuration perspective. The main research conclusions are as follows: 1.The servitization of manufacturing enterprises is comprehensively affected by multi-level factors such as macro regions, meso industries and micro enterprises. It enriches the theoretical basis for manufacturing enterprises to adopt differentiated servitization mode under diversified situations. 2.The multi-level driving factors of manufacturing enterprises' servitization have significant equivalent substitution relationship, which makes up for the limitation of existing research based on contingency to explain the linear correlation between specific internal and external environmental factors and enterprises' servitization. 3.The servitization of manufacturing enterprises is affected by the dual role of regional human capital and informatization level. The results of configuration analysis show that the four modes driving high-level servitization are all affected by high informatization level and low human capital, indicating that the above-mentioned dual regional business environment factors can play a universal role.
The contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following two aspects. Firstly, it clarifies the diversity of driving modes about servitization in manufacturing enterprises. This paper combines the PEST analysis model with the strategic triangle framework to analyze the key factors, which drive the servitization in enterprises. And we use fsQCA to summarize the four types of configuration modes, providing effective guidance for enterprise servitization and upgrading. Secondly, it alleviates the contradiction between the servitization of manufacturing enterprises and their antecedents. Previous studies have shown that the impacts of the specific internal and external environmental factors on the servitization of enterprises are diverse and even contradictory. This paper summarizes the driving model of enterprise servitization from a configuration perspective, providing new evidence for explaining the transformation of multiple antecedents through joint empowerment.

Key words: servitization, driving modes, fsQCA