多方式弹性需求下公交定价双层规划模型

运筹与管理 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 206-212.

多方式弹性需求下公交定价双层规划模型

陈坚^1,2, 邵毅明^1,2, 马庆禄^1,2

1.重庆交通大学山地城市交通系统与安全重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400074;
2.重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆 400074

收稿日期:2012-08-30 出版日期:2014-04-25
作者简介:陈坚(1985-),男,江西赣州人,副教授,工学博士,主要研究方向为交通行为理论与实证、交通运输系统分析与决策;邵毅明(1955-),男,工学博士,教授,主要研究方向为道路交通安全;马庆禄(1980-),男,工学博士,副教授,主要研究方向为智能交通。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51308569);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJ130424);科技部863计划项目子课题(2011AA11306);(重庆交通大学)开放基金项目(CQSLBF-Y13-1)

Bi-level Programming Pricing Model under Multimodal Transportation Network with Elastic Demand

CHEN Jian^1,2, SHAO Yi-ming^1,2, MA Qing-lu^1,2

1. Chongqing Key Lab of Traffic System & Safety in Mountain Cities, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China;
2. School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China

Received:2012-08-30 Online:2014-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为描述多方式城市交通网络下公交定价与出行选择行为的相互作用与影响,将出行方式选择与路径选择涵盖于同一网络,建立了上层模型分别以企业利润最大化、乘客出行成本最小化和社会福利最大化为目标函数,下层模型为多方式弹性需求随机用户配流模型的公交定价双层规划模型。运用改进遗传算法对模型整体进行求解,下层模型采用综合对角化算法和MSA算法的组合求解算法。最后,设计了一个算例以说明模型应用。结果表明:运用双层规划模型所确定的公交票价较传统静态票价可使政府、企业及出行者三方都获得更高收益,且上层模型以社会福利最大化为目标函数能代表社会群体中多数人利益,优化效果最为理想。

关键词: 交通工程, 定价模型, 双层规划, 公共交通, 多方式城市交通网络

Abstract: To describe the interaction and influence of urban transit pricing and travel choice behavior under traffic network, travel mode choice and route choice were integrated in the same network and a bi-level programming model of urban transit pricing uas established. There were three objectives in the upper programming model, enterprise profit maximization, passenger travel cost minimization and the maximization of social welfare. The lower model uas a stochastic user equilibrium assignment model under multimodal urban transportation network with elastic demand. An improved genetic algorithm uas used to solve the whole model, and an iterative algorithm based on diagonalization and MSA uas provided to solve the lower model. Finally a simple numeral example use given. The results indicate that the government, enterprises and passengers can get higher earnings with bus transit price determined by using bi-level programming model than traditional static price. And the upper model to maximize social welfare as the objective function can represent most people's interest in social groups, whose optimization effect is the most ideal.

Key words: traffic engineering, pricing model, bi-level planning, urban transit, multimodal urban transportation network

中图分类号:

F512.5

陈坚, 邵毅明, 马庆禄. 多方式弹性需求下公交定价双层规划模型[J]. 运筹与管理, 2014, 23(4): 206-212.

CHEN Jian, SHAO Yi-ming, MA Qing-lu. Bi-level Programming Pricing Model under Multimodal Transportation Network with Elastic Demand[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2014, 23(4): 206-212.

参考文献

[1] 史若燃,李志纯.不同市场机制下多种交通方式定价模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,10(5):91-97.
[2] 王镜.基于博弈分析的城市公共交通定价及补贴的理论与方法研究[D].北京交通大学博士论文,2008.
[3] Bly P H, Oldfield R H. An analytic assessment of subsidies to bus services[J]. Transportation Science, 1986, 20(3): 200-212.
[4] Small K A. Urban transportation economics[M]. UK: Harwood, 1992. 128-133.
[5] 周晶,徐晏.公共交通网络系统的广义Nash经营博弈模型[J].系统工程学报,2001,16 (4):261-267.
[6] 黄海军,Michael G H B,杨海.公共与个体竞争交通系统的定价研究[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(2):17-23.
[7] 王殿海,吴娟,栗红强.典型线路公共汽车票价确定方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(6):10-12.
[8] 孙广林,王健,胡晓伟.城市公交价格组合策略的系统动力学建模与仿真[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,10(6):121-126.
[9] 周晶,盛昭瀚,何建敏.弹性需求下公交网络系统票价结构的优化[J].自动化学报,2001,27(5):637-643.
[10] 陈建华,高自友.基于双层规划模型的铁路票价制定优化策略[J].北方交通大学学报(社会科学版),2003,2(3):38-41.
[11] Li Z C, Lam W H K, Wong S C. The optimal transit fare structure under different market regimes with uncertainty in the network[J]. Networks and Spatial Economics, 2009, 9(2): 191-216.
[12] 刘海旭,蒲云.多类型弹性需求随机用户平衡分配模型[J].系统工程理论方法应用,2005,14(2):159-163.
[13] 周晶,徐晏.弹性需求随机用户平衡分配模型及其应用[J].系统工程学报,2001,16(2):88-84.
[14] 杨帆,杨琦,张珺,等.公共交通定价与最优政府补偿模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2010,10(2):110-115.
[15] 霍娅敏,陈坚,何湘锋,等.城乡客运一体化公交线路补贴规模测算模型[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(1):81-84.
[16] Willians H L. Formation of travel demand models and economic evaluation measures of user benefit[J]. Environment and Planning A, 1977, 9(3): 285-344.
[17] Evans A. A theoretical comparison of competition with other economic regimes for bus services[J]. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 1987, 21(1): 7-36.
[18] 陈坚,杨飞,晏启鹏.多方式城市交通网络弹性需求随机用户平衡配流模型[J].计算机应用研究,2012,29(10):3693-3697.