Abstract: This paper studies the optimal retail price, lead time and stock factor decisions in a supply chain with stochastic and price-lead time elastic demand. The optimal decisions under both centralized and decentralized supply chain decision scenarios are studied. The results show that the lead time and stock factor decisions under both scenarios are the same, whereas under the decentralized model, the retail price is higher and the profit is lower. Moreover, the chain profit loss, compared to centralized system, increases with the price elasticity. A kind of revenue and cost sharing coordination mechanism is also proposed to coordinate the profits of supply chain. The results show that the coordination mechanism can help to shorten lead time and achieve supply chain Pareto improvement, while can not achieve the perfect supply chain coordination. In addition, the optimal retail price under coordination mechanism is lower than that of decentralized model. The reduction extent of lead time increases with the cost allocation ratio burdened by the retailer. As the cost allocation ratio burdened by the retailer is smaller, the extent of lead time reduction will be lower, and then the profit of the coordinated supply chain will be closer to that of centralized supply chain. Our numerical results show that supply chain profits decrease with the variance of the market demand.

Key words: supply chain, coordination, elastic and stochastic demand, stock factor, lead-time

摘要： 研究了市场需求随机且对销售价格及提前期敏感的条件下,供应链如何制定最优的销售价格、提前期以及库存因子使得利润最大化。首先,分析了集中决策与分散决策供应链的最优决策,发现集中决策与分散决策模式下的提前期与库存因子是相同的,但分散决策下的销售价格更高、期望利润更低,且分散决策与集中决策供应链的利润之比随着需求对价格的敏感程度的增大而增大。然后建立了收入共享与成本分担的协调机制,并分析了其最优决策。研究发现,协调决策机制可以有效地压缩提前期,并能同时使供应链达到帕累托改进,但不能达到完美协调,而且还发现协调决策下制定的最优销售价格比分散决策要低。最后通过数值计算对三种供应链决策模式下的绩效进行了比较分析,结果表明供应链利润随着需求方差增大而减小,提前期压缩程度随着材料成本承担比例增大而增大。上述结论可以为企业制定销售价格与提前期决策以及企业间的协调提供有益的指导。

关键词: 供应链, 供应链协调, 随机弹性需求, 库存因子, 提前期