Abstract: With the rapidly developing economy, the consumption of natural resources has increased tremendously and the environment has been seriously polluted. Under the constraint of government policies on carbon emissions, manufacturers are facing the challenge of reducing carbon emissions through remanufacturing or low-carbon emission reduction technologies. However, remanufacturing requires high-level production technology and the revenue of the remanufactured product is lower than that of the new product, so the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) generally abandons remanufacturing and chooses it to be done by an independent remanufacturer or through authorization. This article analyzes the impact of the government's implementation of carbon tax policy on the decision-making of the game subjects under different remanufacturing modes by establishing three OEM and remanufacturer game models. The first is the independent remanufacturing model, in which the remanufacturing is carried out by an independent third-party remanufacturer; the second is the authorized remanufacturing model, in which the OEM authorizes the remanufacturer to undertake remanufacturing through a patent authorization; and the third is the outsourcing remanufacturing model, in which the OEM pays the outsourcing cost to the remanufacturer for remanufacturing. Based on three remanufacturing game models, the article comparatively analyzes the effect of carbon tax policies on the equilibrium solutions of different remanufacturing models. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1)When the number of remanufactured products demanded is not limited by the number of recycled products, the adoption of the carbon tax policy by the government will reduce the demand for new products and increase the demand for remanufactured products. Regardless of the carbon tax levied by the government on the OEM, the lowest demand for new products and the highest demand for remanufactured products can be achieved when the outsourcing remanufacturing model is adopted. 2)Under the carbon tax policy, the profit of outsourcing remanufacturing will be optimal when the acceptance of remanufactured products by consumers is high, and conversely, the profit of the OEM and remanufacturer will be the highest when the authorized remanufacturing model is undertaken. 3)The implementation of the carbon tax policy by the government is beneficial to the environment, and all three remanufacturing modes can reduce the environmental impact. However, the impact ratio of new products to remanufactured products on the environment is different, and the three remanufacturing models have different environmental effects. 4) The carbon tax policy will decrease the surplus of consumers and society, which will be the maximum when manufacturers undertake the independent remanufacturing model and the minimum when undertaking the outsourcing remanufacturing model. This is mainly related to the degree of competition in the market for new and remanufactured products. Management implications are: When the demand for remanufactured products is unrestricted by the recycling volume of scrap products, and the government will implement the carbon tax policy, the royalties paid by remanufacturers will be reduced, which can appeal to more enterprises for remanufacturing, and the authorized remanufacturing mode will be more beneficial to the development of the remanufacturing industry in this case. When the demand for remanufactured products is restricted by the number of recycled products, and the government will implement the carbon tax policy, the OEM will increase the outsourcing remanufacturing costs paid to the remanufacturer, and it will be more favorable to the development of the remanufacturing industry to adopt the outsourcing remanufacturing model at this time. The government carries out the carbon tax policy for all three remanufacturing modes that are beneficial to the environmental effect. When the environmental influence of new products and remanufactured products is relatively great, the government shall encourage the independent remanufacturing mode, and conversely, the government should encourage enterprises to resort to outsourcing remanufacturing model.

Key words: carbon tax, OEM , remanufacturer, game model

摘要： 为分析碳税政策对不同再制造模式的影响,基于三种再制造模式构建制造/再制造博弈模型。基于三种再制造博弈模型,对比分析碳税政策对不同再制造模式均衡解的影响。研究主要得到:1)政府实施碳税政策会增加两种产品的单位零售价格,碳税较高时选择外包再制造,单位再制造单位产品零售价格最低,碳税较低时选择独立再制造,单位再制造产品零售价格最低;2)当废旧产品回收率较高时,政府实施碳税政策会使新产品的需求量减少,再制造产品的需求量增加;3)当消费者对再制造产品的偏好大于某一阈值时,采取外包再制造模式可以同时使原始制造商和再制造商收益实现最优;4)政府实施碳税政策有利于降低对环境的影响,但是影响程度与单位新产品和再制造产品对环境的影响之比有关。

关键词: 碳税, 原始制造商, 再制造商, 博弈模型