Abstract: Since the 21st century, with the increasing demand for the endurance of new energy vehicles, more and more enterprises in the new energy vehicle industry chain have taken different alliance forms to cooperate and innovate in order to improve the endurance of new energy vehicles, increase enterprise profits and enhance the industrial chain benefits.
In the new energy vehicle industry chain, battery suppliers and new energy vehicle manufacturers, as important enterprises in the industry chain, can cooperate and innovate through mutual shareholding. Based on the consumer's preference for endurance, this article introduces shareholding strategy into the new energy vehicle industry chain and uses game theory methods to establish three shareholding decision models, explores the shareholding strategy of upstream and downstream enterprises in the new energy vehicle industry chain to enhance the level of the industry chain through cooperation, and analyzes the final effect and role.
Specifically, the non-controlling forward shareholding decision model of battery suppliers in new energy vehicle manufacturers is first studied, and it is found that the range of new energy vehicles and the profits of battery suppliers are always positively correlated with changes in the forward shareholding ratio. Secondly, a non-controlling backward shareholding decision model for new energy vehicle manufacturers in battery suppliers is studied, which shows that the change in new energy vehicles and the profits of battery suppliers are always positively correlated with changes in the backward shareholding ratio. In the case where the consumer's preference for battery endurance is certain, the relationship between the profit of the new energy vehicle manufacturer and the backward holding ratio is related to the size of the backward holding ratio. Finally, the model of mutual non-controlling holding decisions between the battery supplier and new energy vehicle manufacturer is studied, which shows that in the case where the consumer's preference for battery endurance is certain, when the forward cross shareholding ratio is less than a certain value, the battery endurance, the profit of the battery supplier, and the profit of the new energy vehicle manufacturer are positively related to the change in the proportion of forward cross-holding, and negatively related to the change in the proportion of backward cross-holding; when the holding ratio of the battery supplier for the new energy vehicle manufacturer exceeds a certain value, the battery endurance, the profit of the battery supplier, and the profit of the new energy vehicle manufacturer are negatively related to the change in the proportion of forward cross-holding, and positively related to the change in the proportion of backward cross-holding.
The research findings show that: (1)After the implementation of any holding strategy, the profits of battery suppliers will definitely increase, and the profits of new energy vehicle manufacturers will also increase within a certain shareholding ratio range. The endurance and market demand will both be improved, and the equity cooperation between upstream and downstream enterprises in the industry chain can improve the performance of the industry chain and effectively enhance the level of the new energy vehicle industry chain. (2)All the three holding strategies can increase the profits of both battery suppliers and new energy vehicle manufacturers, enhance the willingness of the two enterprises to engage in equity cooperation, and enable the holding strategy to have strong practical feasibility. (3)When the R&D cost coefficient and consumers' preference for endurance capacity are fixed, the degree to which the three shareholding strategies improve the level of the industry chain is related to the corresponding shareholding ratio values. In summary, the research results provide decision support for the upstream and downstream members of the new energy vehicle industry to adopt the cooperative innovation mode of holding strategy, enrich the theoretical research on the level of the new energy vehicle industry and industrial modernization, and provide guidance for the development of the new energy vehicle industry.

Key words: new energy automobile industry chain, industry chain level, shareholding, cooperative innovation

摘要： 以提升新能源汽车续航能力和产业链绩效为目的,将持股策略引入到产业链决策中,研究新能源汽车产业链企业合作创新策略问题。通过构建产业链上游电池供应商和下游新能源汽车制造商前向持股、后向持股和交叉持股三种决策模型,分析比较不同合作情形下的企业最优决策和产业链绩效,得到了提升产业链水平的最优持股合作策略。结果表明:与不持股策略相比,三种持股策略均能提升汽车续航能力、扩大市场需求和增加产业链利润,提升产业链水平;持股比例满足一定条件时,持股策略能同时增加电池供应商和新能源汽车制造商的利润,企业间持股合作提升产业链水平具有可实现性;三种持股合作策略提高产业链水平程度取决于对应持股比例取值之间的关系。

关键词: 新能源汽车产业链, 产业链水平, 持股, 合作创新