关键词: 跨境贸易, 区块链技术, 数字生态系统, 三方博弈, 纳什均衡

Abstract: The Government Work Report underscores the imperative to vigorously promote the development of the digital economy and bolster the comprehensive construction of a digital government and digital China. The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Digital Economy seeks to harness the potential of the digital economy to provide substantial impetus for the sustainable and sound development of both the economy and society. In this paper, we have crafted a tripartite game tree model encompassing the customs department, financial institutions, and trade enterprises, with the aim of scrutinizing the digital transformation of trade enterprises and the customs department’s establishment of a blockchain-based digital ecosystem to empower cross-border trade.
Through our analysis of the outcomes, several management implications have come to the fore. First and foremost, we have ascertained that the readiness of enterprises to undertake digital transformation hinges on the cost of digital transformation and investment in digital infrastructure. As the expenses associated with digital transformation surge, firms necessitate increased financial backing for their day-to-day operations and digital endeavors. Consequently, financial institutions may emerge as a potential source of investment. Second, our analysis posits that trade enterprises may actively seek support from financial institutions during their digital transformation efforts. However, financial institutions tend to direct their attention toward trade enterprises exhibiting promising prospects and superior economic performance. This strategic approach enables financial institutions to bolster their future profitability by expediting the digital transformation of these enterprises. Third, the customs department’s establishment of a blockchain-based digital ecosystem to empower trade enterprises and financial institutions can catalyze the development of a digital real economy.
We have also formulated some recommendations for the stakeholders. It is important to note that the empowerment of trade enterprises within the ecosystem and the provision of preferential loan rates by banks should not be regarded as the primary drivers of a company’s digital transformation. Interestingly, the predominant factor influencing a company’s digital transformation is the cost associated with blockchain integration. Paradoxically, higher integration costs tend to increase a company’s willingness to adopt this technology. A higher integration cost signifies a greater financial obstacle to digital transformation. Trade enterprises can secure loans from financial institutions at favorable interest rates to support their digital transformation efforts, enabling them to become active participants in the ecosystem. Financial institutions are more inclined to offer preferential loan rates to trade enterprises that incur significant blockchain integration costs but exhibit strong profitability after achieving digital transformation. Moreover, when trade enterprises face a substantial funding gap during their digital transformation, it piques the interest of financial institutions to provide loans at favorable interest rates. This support assists enterprises in establishing digital infrastructure, fostering innovation in their business models, and effectively executing the digital transformation of traditional industries. Financial institutions place a greater emphasis on enterprises that, while building upon their traditional business foundations, strategically pursue digital transformation.
Through the utilization of blockchain technology, customs authorities have established a “Blockchain+Customs” digital ecosystem, offering a platform for trade enterprises and financial institutions to embrace digital operations. The provision of data services to financial institutions significantly influences their willingness to offer preferential loan interest rates, thereby encouraging trade enterprises to integrate blockchain technology and achieve a digital customs transformation. However, as the costs associated with customs data services increase, the likelihood of customs providing these services to financial institutions decreases.

Key words: cross-border trade, blockchain technology, digital ecosystem, tripartite game, Nash equilibrium