关键词: 竞合关系, 供应链, 量子博弈, 博弈均衡, 量子纠缠

Abstract: With the development of information globalization and information technology modernization, the adjustment of competition relationship and dynamic integration of resources between enterprises have a profound impact on the performance improvement of enterprises. More and more enterprises gradually realize that in order to survive and develop in fierce competition, they need to break through their own limitations in technology and resources, explore new cooperation methods, and fully utilize market opportunities by uniting external forces or establishing cooperation relationships with other enterprises. At the same time, various forms of cooperation such as information cooperation, technology cooperation and production cooperation have emerged as enterprises explore new ways of cooperation. However, conflicts of individual interests often lead to various contradictions and competitions in cooperation between enterprises, and there are significant differences in the degree of competition and cooperation in different stages, making it difficult to form stable cooperative relationships. How to maintain high-quality and stable supply chain cooperation is still a problem worthy of further research and discussion.
This paper applies quantum game theory and methods to study the problem of cooperative production of competing enterprises based on critical components through mathematical modeling, aiming to reveal the influence of quantum entanglement mechanism on the establishment of rational individual cooperation stability, in order to provide a new method for strategic choice for enterprises in different market positions, and provide a new research idea for achieving“win-win” for enterprises. The main research content and methods of this article are as follows: (1)The quantum game analysis of the competitive and cooperative supply chain formed by manufacturers with independent production capacity around key components is carried out, and the game relationship between the competitive and cooperative behavior of manufacturers and the decision of each parameter are discussed. (2)Four combination models of competition and cooperation strategies of manufacturers in wholesale competition and license competition are constructed respectively, and the changes in quantum entanglement and their effects on revenue and balance are analyzed. (3)This paper uses quantum entanglement to simulate the interest entanglement in competitive relations, obtains the optimal solutions of classical Nash equilibrium and quantum equilibrium, and then compares and analyzes the effects of different entanglement conditions on decision parameters and optimal strategies of manufacturers.
The results show that by introducing manufacturer competition and cooperation into the analysis paradigm of quantum games, and by considering entanglement of states, active-seeking manufacturers for cooperation do not have to bear the risk of “betrayal”. This solves the “prisoner’s dilemma” problem of manufacturer cooperation in classical games to some extent. In addition, appropriately enhancing the “entanglement” with cost-advantaged enterprises can reduce the gap in equilibrium benefits between both parties. Manufacturers with cost advantages can use wholesale prices as a mechanism to influence the cooperation decisions of manufacturers without cost advantages. If a manufacturer has a dominant position in the industry, its optimal quantum strategy is to sign a wholesale cooperation contract with competitors in the market. To induce competitors to cooperate, cost-advantaged manufacturers must offer a lower wholesale price. Therefore, when seeking the best strategy, they face a trade-off between prices, and even if they have a cost advantage, they need to reduce their wholesale prices to attract competitors to cooperate.
There is a lot of room to expand the research of cooperative relationship from the perspective of quantum strategy. In addition to the application of quantum game to the analysis of competition and cooperation strategies based on key components in this paper, we can also consider mapping characteristics such as quantum entanglement and quantum decoherence to the analysis of joint investment and resource development, knowledge and resources sharing, environmental protection and other decisions among enterprises. This helps us better understand strategic choices and outcomes in these complex relationships.

Key words: coopetition relationship, supply chain, quantum game, game equilibrium, quantum entanglement