Abstract: The rapid development of the digital economy has gradually led global manufacturing enterprises into a new wave of change. As a result, manufacturing enterprises worldwide are facing a new division of labor, and the competition within the global value chain’s high-end links is becoming increasingly fierce. Digital transformation has emerged as a vital initiative for manufacturing enterprises to enhance their core competitiveness. Moreover, digital technology innovation serves as a powerful lever for manufacturing enterprises to achieve innovation-driven growth and facilitate their digital transformation. Countries worldwide have acknowledged the positive role of digital technology innovation in the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises.
Technology innovation is a complex process involving multiple stakeholders. Academic research on the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises is increasingly concentrating on collaborative innovation and value sharing among these stakeholders. Additionally, research is focused on establishing a new paradigm for collaborative research and development, as well as innovation in digital technology, among industry, academia, and research institutions. However, there have been few studies that incorporate multiple subjects, such as government, industry, academia, research, and finance, into a single model simultaneously. Furthermore, these studies have not yet analyzed the dynamic effects of collaborative innovation among these subjects on enabling the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises through microscopic simulation. To address this gap, we propose the establishment of a digital manufacturing ecosystem based on the GFAM multi-subject collaborative innovation model, which comprises “government (G)-financial institution (F)-academic and research institution (A)-manufacturing enterprise (M)”. We construct a three-party game model and employ MATLAB2019b to conduct simulations that investigate the influence of the behavioral decisions of government, industry, academia, and research subjects. Our aim is to identify key factors that influence the decision-making of these parties and analyze their roles in the systematic development of innovative digital technologies and the promotion of digital transformation in manufacturing enterprises.
The results indicate that the GFAM multi-subject collaborative innovation model is influenced by key factors to varying degrees. The synergy coefficient, financial drivers, government incentives, and penalties are directly proportional to the system’s rate of evolution, effectively promoting the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. The innovation benefit of the system and the ratio of R&D cost sharing exhibit an inverted “U” shape concerning the behavioral decisions of industry-university research. The marginal contributions are as follows: 1.Expanding the industry-university-research collaborative innovation model to include government and financial institutions in the analysis framework enables the study of the behavioral evolution patterns of collaborative R&D and innovation in digital technology among government, industry, university, research, and funding institutions. This expansion also identifies key factors affecting collaborative innovation among these subjects, contributing to the theory of synergism. Moreover, it helps address obstacles such as opportunism, externalities, and financial risks in collaborative innovation. 2.The inclusion of financial drivers, supported by previous empirical analysis, further demonstrates the positive role of financial drivers in facilitating the transformation of manufacturing enterprises through simulations. This finding guides financial institutions to continuously invest in technological innovation and the high-quality development of manufacturing industries, thereby promoting the allocation of financial resources to the manufacturing sector. As a result, the digital transformation process of manufacturing enterprises can be accelerated. 3. This research provides valuable insights for the collaborative innovation practices of manufacturing enterprises within the digital economy context. Additionally, it offers guidance for governments in formulating policies to regulate the stability of the digital manufacturing ecosystem.

Key words: collaboration, GFAM, manufacturing enterprise, digital transformation, evolutionary game

摘要： 数字经济迅速发展,数字化转型已成为制造企业提高核心竞争力的重要举措,数字技术创新是制造企业实现创新驱动和数字化转型的有力杠杆。技术创新是一项涉及多元主体的复杂行为,而产学研协同创新是当前技术创新的新范式。鉴于此,基于协同理论,建立以“政府(G)—金融机构(F)—学研机构(A)—制造企业(M)”GFAM多主体协同创新模式为依托的数字化制造生态系统,并利用MATLAB2019b进行仿真,探究影响政产学研三方博弈主体行为决策的关键因素,分析其对系统研发创新数字技术并助推制造企业数字化转型的作用。结果表明:GFAM多主体协同创新模式受关键因素的影响程度不同。协同系数、金融驱动因子、政府激励和惩罚力度同系统演化速率成正比,可以有效促进制造企业数字化转型。系统的创新收益和研发成本分摊比例对产学研的行为决策影响呈倒“U”型。

关键词: 协同, GFAM, 制造企业, 数字化转型, 演化博弈