Abstract: Considering the variable cost and the general nonlinear demand, this paper develops a general multi-oligopolistic Cournot model following the classic Cournot models. A general method for Nash equilibrium solution is derived with expressions under two special demanding functions. This paper also studies the characters of this model, emphasizing the effect on the equilibrium and the difference with classic models caused by the variable cost. The result shows that variable marginal cost may have an effect on the equilibrium output and the allocation among competitors. These conclusions are beneficial to explaining some economic phenomena. The rare earth resources management is discussed and some countermeasures are proposed, taking rare earth as the representative.

Key words: game theory, general Cournot model, equilibrium analysis, variable cost, nonlinear demand, rare earth

摘要： 在已有的寡头古诺模型基础上进一步扩展,建立了综合考虑竞争者成本差异和市场广义非线性需求的扩展多寡头古诺模型。给出了扩展多寡头古诺模型Nash均衡解的一般求解方法以及两类特殊需求函数下Nash均衡解的解析表达式。接着进一步探讨了模型的性质,重点讨论成本差异对均衡的影响及其与经典模型的异同,并利用模型的结论简单解释若干经济现象。模型性质探讨表明,边际成本差异会对均衡产量及其在各类寡头之间的分配产生重要影响。作为应用,将相关结论应用到以稀土开采管理为代表的稀有资源管理的策略分析上,提出了若干建议。

关键词: 博弈论, 扩展古诺模型, 均衡分析, 相异成本, 非线性需求, 稀土