Table of Content

25 January 2019, Volume 28 Issue 1

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

A class of Completely Reverse Order which can be Solved in Polynomial Time in Airplane Refueling Problem

WANG Li-li, CUI Jin-chuan

2019, 28(1):  1-5.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0001

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The Airplane Refueling Problem(ARP)is a nonlinear combinatorial optimization problem with a fractional objective function and its complexity is still open. We use a permutation to model the precedence relations between pairwise jobs. One kind of this problem is called “Completely Reverse Order Class”. The Completely Reverse Order Class of the N-Vehicle Explore Problem(NVEP)is considered is considered one of the most difficult scenarios that consume exponential time in Dynamic Programming algorithm. In this paper, we analyze data structure of this problem and find two kinds of special structure in the “Completely Reverse Order Class”. Theorem 1 describes a kind of special structure, and states that there is a unique solution that satisfies the necessary condition of this kind of special structure, and it is optimal as well. Theorem 2 describes a kind of structure which can be solved in polynomial time. When relationship between fuel loading and fuel consumption rate satisfies the conditions of theorem 2, the corresponding instance can be solved in polynomial time.

Multi-objective Project Scheduling Optimization Based on Time, Cost and Robustness Trade-off Under Uncertainty

LI Xue, HE Zheng-wen, WANG Neng-min

2019, 28(1):  6-16.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0002

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Time and cost are two important indicators in project scheduling, and the robustness of the schedule is the key issue for ensuring the smooth execution of the project under uncertainty. This paper involves the multi-objective project scheduling optimization problem under uncertainty, arranging the start time of activities in order to optimize time, cost and robustness simultaneously. Based on this purpose, we construct the multi-objective optimization model for the problem, analyze the trade-off relationships among the objectives through dividing the model into three sub-models, design non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to solve the problem, apply the elitism strategy and the trade-off relationships optimization strategy among sub-models to optimize the algorithm, and perform algorithm testing and sensitivity analysis of instance parameters. Finally, the proposed model and algorithm are illustrated through a practical case, with the non-dominated set founded, and the sensitivity analysis of this case further validates the trade-off relationships in the sub-models. An effective utilization strategy of resources is presented in the end. The research of this paper can provide quantitative decision support for multi-objective project scheduling.

Collaborative Optimization of Joint Replenishment-Location Inventory Problem with Resource Constraints and Quantity Discount

WANG Lin, ZHENG Gui-lian, ZENG Yu-rong

2019, 28(1):  17-26.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0003

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A new joint replenishment-location inventory model(JR-LIP)is proposed considering resource constraints and quantity discount, which permits shortage. An adaptive differential evolution algorithm based on simulated annealing with binary population independent evolution is redesigned to solve the proposed JR-LIP model. Compared with the adaptive differential algorithm(AHDE)and the improved frog leaping algorithm(FLA), the numerical studies show the effectiveness of the proposed ASADE. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is further conducted to discuss the influence of parameters on the total cost, which can provide useful references for managers to make better decisions.

The Research on the Optimization of Courier Companies “Last-Mile” Express Pickup and Delivery Process

HE Bing-qian, LI Kun-peng, CHENG Xing-xing

2019, 28(1):  27-34.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0004

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In recent years, with the rapid development of online shopping, Chinese express delivery industry has encountered unprecedented development opportunity, but with the changing of attitude and cognition, consumers have higher requirements for speed and quality of logistics delivery, which urge courier companies to focus on operational efficiency and cost as they strive to improve service levels. This paper is based on the background of express delivery companies' logistics distribution services, study its regional pickup and delivery route planning issues, in order to improve operational level. The paper combines with the actual operation of the courier company case to analysis, considering the pickup and delivery, dynamic, time window and capacity constraint as the most important factors, establish mathematical model, design pickup and delivery process, obtain the best results through improved tabu search algorithm in a short time, and in the process of pickup and delivery, dynamically deal with new requirements, real-time update path. Data show that the algorithm is efficient, and can get better solutions through the appropriate process and algorithm than the actual operation of courier company.

Complexity Analysis for Dynamic Game Model with Fair-caring and Different Business Objectives

LI Qiu-xiang, ZHANG Yu-hao, HUANG Yi-min, QI Er-shi

2019, 28(1):  35-45.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0005

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The paper establishes the dynamic double oligarchy price game model with oligopoly retailers considering the different business objectives and fairness concern, and emphatically analyzes the influence of fairness concern and price adjustment speed on model complexity based on retailer’s different business objectives. The dynamic price game process under different parameters combination is studied via stability region, bifurcation, Lyapunov exponent, chaos attractors, and so on, by using numerical simulation, and the complexity analysis shows that retailers consider fairness concern will reduce its own stability domain; the higher level of fairness concern, the easier the system is in the chaotic state. At the same time, the paper studies the effect of price adjustment speed on the profit of retailers. The results find that when the price adjustment speed is too large, the system will be in the chaotic state finally, the profit will fluctuate violently and the average profit will decrease with increasing of the price adjustment speed. Finally, the control factor is chosen to control the chaos of the system. The research will provide a good reference of the price decision for retailers.

Study on the Operation Mode of Remanufacturing Supply Chain: Who Should Purchase “Product Quality Insurance”?

NIU Shui-ye, LI Yong-jian

2019, 28(1):  46-53.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0006

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Against the background of auto parts manufacturing industry, two competitive supply chains with the production and marketing of new spare parts and remanufactured parts are constructed. The main purpose of this paper is to explore who should purchase “Product Quality Insurance” for remanufactured parts by using Stackelberg game model. According to the theory of CPR(collective producer responsibility), the purchasing insurance strategy can be divided into two modes for different dominants: (1)the remanufacturer directly purchasing insurance mode (i.e. IM mode); (2)the retailer agenting to purchase insurance mode(i.e. IR mode). According to relative researches of consumer behavior, the demand functions reflecting two different modes are constructed. Further, the application conditions and optimal economic benefits of IM mode and mode IM are respectively calculated. The results indicate the IM mode is always better than the IM mode. However, when the IM mode and themode are both reasonable, the remanufacturer and retailer will be negative to purchasing insurance for attempting to obtain “free rider” benefits. The effective coordination strategy is to make the remanufacturer raise profit-sharing ratio to a certain extent to guarantee the implementation of IM mode, otherwise it adopts the IM mode.

Emergency Rescue Decision-Making Method for Coal Mine Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets

YANG Nai-ding, WU Jing-jie

2019, 28(1):  54-60.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0007

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At the early stage of coal mine accident, there are uncertain evaluation information resulting from urgency in the decision-making of emergency rescue , and which hardly adapt the traditional decision-making methods based on crisp numbers. In view of this, a novel emergency rescue decision-making method based on intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets(IFSSs)is proposed in this paper. With respect to the defect existed in current axiomatic definition of IFSSs entropy, an improved definition of IFSSs entropy is put forward and corresponding formula is structured. Futhermore, the rationality and efficiency of the proposed entroy formula are demonstrated by comparing with former entropy formulas of IFSSs. Next, comprehensive attribute weights are obtained according to the proposed entropy formula of IFSSs, meanwhile the emergency rescue plans are ranked by the method of generalized TOPSIS. Finally, the proposed emergency rescue decision-making method is applied in the case of emergency rescue coal mine. The results show that the emergency rescue decision-making method based on IFSSs can reflect and handle the uncertain information, and reaching better resolution result, which can provide decision support for emergency rescue under the coal mine accidents.

Decision Analysis of the Cournot Game between Supply Chains under Uncertain Demand

SUN Hong-xia, LI Yu, Li Ji-hua

2019, 28(1):  61-70.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0008

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According to the introduction of interval fuzzy numbers and attitude index to demand function, a decision problem about price competition between supply chains under uncertain demand is studied. Firstly, the decision model of price competition about decentralized-decentralized, centralized-decentralized, and centralized-centralized models is constructed. Secondly, the impact of some related variables on retail price, customer demand and supply chain profit under the three competition models is analyzed. Finally, a numerical example for two supply chains is given and the influence of the attitude index, market size and other variables on the final decision results is analyzed.

A Decision Model of Reserve Coverage Selection for Multi-level Service Facilities Based on Improved NSGA-II Algorithm

SONG Yan, TENG Chen-mei, JIANG Jin-gui

2019, 28(1):  71-78.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0009

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In order to deal with the problem of differentiated demand of disaster service in the process of cross-regional emergencies, a multi-level reserve coverage decision model of emergency reserve facilities is established, that is, a demand point is provided by different emergency facilities. In the process of modeling, the situation of the service provided by other facilities is considered in the busy state of the facility, which makes the model more practical. For the first time, the NSGA-II algorithm is improved by designing the segmented chromosome coding method to improve the operation efficiency to solve the multi-target location decision problem. The Pareto solution distribution obtained under the improved method is compared with the simulation results under the NSGA-II algorithm, and the spatial distribution scheme is obtained according to the deployment strategy of the facility. It proves the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the improved NSGA-II algorithm in solving the multi-objective location decision-making problem. The model can provide a valid basis for the decision-makers to a certain extent.

AQM Method with Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Information Based on Relative Entropy and Its Application

LI Na, GAO Lei-fu, WANG Lei

2019, 28(1):  79-85.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0010

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For the problem of multi-attribute decision making, in which the attribute values are the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers and the information about criteria weights is incomplete, a decision making method is proposed based on relative entropy and AQM method. Firstly, the relative entropy of interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers is defined, the relative entropy between alternative and ideal(critical)alternative is obtained, and an optimization model is established to obtain the criteria weights. Then, the 0-1precedence relationship matrix for each alternative on each attribute is given by using a new score function, and according to AQM method, the combination 0-1precedence relationship matrix of alternatives is composed. Furthermore, the comprehensive scale is obtained and a ranking of alternatives can be determined by using the comprehensive scale. Finally, the method is used to select a software development project so as to verify the effectiveness and feasibility.

An Optimal Policy for a Single-vendor-single-buyer Integrated Production-distribution Model for Deteriorating Items

LI Qing-pu, LIU Ya

2019, 28(1):  86-93.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0011

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An integrated production-distribution decision is of very important practical significance under the background of supply chain, and has been also a hot issue for researchers for the past years. This article, on the basis of previous studies, by introducing the concept of system safety stock, develops an integrated production-distribution model, proves that the structure of the optimal sequence of shipments must be monotone nondecreasing and vendor must send all inventory out at first replenishment point, and then proposes a new transport strategy. The objective of this article is to maximize the supply chain profit and find the optimal sequence of shipments, the optimal production time and the optimal numbers of delivery in integrated production-distribution model under the new transport strategy we put forward. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model.

Disruption Management for Single Machine Scheduling with Learning and Deteriorating Effect

LIU Chun-lai, WANG Jian-jun

2019, 28(1):  94-100.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0012

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Aimed at the scheduling problem of machine availability constraint with learning and deteriorating effect, a predictable single machine disruption model is established. In the model, the processing time of a job is a function of its starting time and its position. Moreover, the machine could be unavailable for breakdown or periodic maintenance. Because of the machine disruption, the original schedule may become infeasible or too far from optimal. The objective is to create the new schedule that takes into account both the original objective function and a measure of deviation from the original schedule. Depending on the different measurement function, we study two versions of the problem. In the first one, the objective is weighted sum of total completion time and total tardiness while in the second one, the objective is weighted sum of total completion time and total earliness. For the problems, we first prove some properties of the optimal schedule and then dynamic programming algorithms are proposed.

Nonlinear Profile Outlier Detection for Non-Normal Variation

NIE Bin, WANG Xi, HU Xue

2019, 28(1):  101-107.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0013

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Outliers detection on nonlinear profiles is one of the key problems in the field of quality control. This paper proposes a new outlier detection method for abnormal variation based on data process technologies which are wavelet analysis, Mahalanobis depth and cluster analysis. By simulation analysis, the performances of the new method and control chart method are compared and it is proved that the new method can identify the outliers with high accuracy and stability which performs outlier detection better. Finally, the new method is applied to a real data set consisting of vertical density profile. The results show that the new method can effectively identify the abnormal profiles data.

Application Research

On Conflict Analysis Model with Uncertain Preference Sensitive to Scenarios

TAO Liang-yan, LIU Si-feng, FANG Zhi-geng, HU Qian

2019, 28(1):  108-115.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0014

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Considering the case that the decision makers’ preferences in a conflict analysis are sensitive to the different potential future outcomes, a conflict analysis model with uncertain preference sensitive to scenarios is proposed. Firstly, scenario analysis is employed to generate the potential scenarios that affect the conflict analysis, and then the conflict subsystems in different potential scenarios together constitute the conflict system with preferences that respond to the scenarios. Furthermore, the intersections of all stability in conflict subsystems are defined as the global stability. However, the intersection may be empty set due to the harsh global stability condition, so that a stability based on preference aggregation is further designed. The specific procedure is to score the status according to the option prioritizing method, and then to utilize the decision maker’s opinions concerning the significance of different scenarios to aggregate the scores. Consequently, the aggregation of preference information is finished, and then the corresponding stability is defined. Finally, the two kinds of stability are compared using a case study on the decision of the development cycle of a large passenger aircraft project.

A Multi-type Bike Repositioning Problem

XU Guo-xun, LI Yan-feng, LI Jun, XU Guan-yu

2019, 28(1):  116-124.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0015

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Public bike sharing system has been developing rapidly in China, encouraging people to cycle and use this low-carbon transport mode to make trips. It is therefore important to strengthen the public bike repositioning optimization in order to increase the attractiveness of cycling in Chinese cities. Based on the analysis of the background of public bike, we introduce a multiple type bike repositioning Problem. According to the shortage or excess of public bicycle in real life, we formulate a mixed-integer linear programming Problem to minimize the total cost. A hybrid tabu search is proposed to solve this Problem. The numerical experiments are performed to analyze the characteristics of the Problem and performance of the hybrid tabu search. The results show that the unbalanced penalty coefficient determines the amount of loading and unloading of bikes, and has an effect on the vehicle routing, which is the key factor to the optimization of the multiple type bike repositioning. Substitution strategy makes transportation decision more flexible. The hybrid tabu search can solve much larger network and obtain better quality solutions compared with the exact method.

Study on Evaluation of China’s Consumption Level Based on Fuzzy Influence Diagram

FAN De-cheng, LIHao, LIUYun

2019, 28(1):  125-134.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0016

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In order to evaluate changes in the consumption level of residents in our country and the interaction and influence between the factors of it, this paper uses the method of fuzzy influence diagram to evaluate and analyze the index selected from the demand side, infrastructure, economic environment, policy environment and consumer itself. The results show that China’s consumption level has increased slowly with no obvious change. According to the evaluation results, combined with the topology structure of the influence diagram in terms of the factors of consumption, the openness, level of social security, consumption habits and residents’ education are the main causes of the slow consumption growth. Then the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. These results provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the future research on improving the China’s consumption level and the implementation about the related policy in China.

Equilibrium Bidding Strategy in Combinatorial Auctions Considering the Global Bidder’s Regret Behaviors

GAO Guang-xin, FAN Zhi-ping, YOU Tian-hui, GUO Ya-shu

2019, 28(1):  135-144.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0017

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Numerous experimental studies have shown that the bidders usually exhibit the anticipated regret behaviors in auctions and such behaviors will have an impacts on the final bidding strategies. However, most previous research on the equilibrium bidding strategy with consideration of the bidder’s regret behaviors is conducted for the situation of the single item auction, while the multi-item auction gets less attention. This paper investigates the equilibrium bidding strategy in combinatorial auctions considering the bidder’s regret behaviors. Based on the assumption of the global bidder’s anticipated regret, the bidders’ regret behavior is characterized by the regret function proposed by Engelbrecht-Wiggans and Katok. On the basis of this, a combinatorial auction model is constructed and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the global bidder’s equilibrium bidding strategy are given. Furthermore, according to the model, the numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the impacts of the number of local bidders, combined effect coefficient and the global bidder’s regret parameter on the global bidder’s bidding strategy. Finally, a case study in the field of the combinatorial auctions of spectrum is introduced to illustrate the superiority and potential application of the above study.

Storage Pricing Model considering the Competition between Internal and External Yards

SUN He-ying, ZENG Qing-cheng

2019, 28(1):  145-151.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0018

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We develop container storage pricing model considering the competition between internal and external yards aimed at solving the increasing container throughput which is caused by the shift cost and congestion in container terminal. The yards’ pricing decision-making and shipper’s transfer time decision-making in the competition between internal and external yards are formulated by the game model. The relationship of terminal yard profit to terminal yard operation cost, transportation cost and demand coefficient is analyzed. The results indicate that the shipper’s cost reach the minimum with transferring container when it exceeds free time. The terminal yard’s optimal pricing, optimal quantity and maximum profit increase with the increase of the transportation cost. The terminal yard’s optimal quantity and maximum profit increase with the decrease of the terminal yard operation cost. Meanwhile, with the optimal price reversed it’s beneficial for terminal yard to reduce the affection coefficient of yard pricing to shipper demand and improve the affection coefficient of transportation to shipper demand.

Evaluation Method for Product Design Based on Users’ Emotional Needs

ZHANG Lu, LI Ju-tao, ZHAO Yan-yun, TIAN Zheng-qing

2019, 28(1):  152-157.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0019

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Nowadays, satisfying the users’ emotional requirements and affective experience has generally become the key attribute of the hot-sale products, which attracts the product developers' and business decision makers’ attention. In order to meet the users’ affective experience needs, an assessment method of product design, which is combined with entropy theory, grey relation analysis and fuzzy-TOPSIS, has been proposed guided by the users’ emotional needs. Firstly, the composite images in kansei engineering is applied to quantify the users’ emotional information. The typical target images are generated by the clustering analysis and the factor analysis of collected product images. The appraisal value of typical images is gained by SD survey. Secondly, after normalizing the appraisal value of typical images, the information entropy is used to calculate their weight. Finally, guided by the users’ emotional information, the rank of priority for the alternatives of product design is obtained through the grey relation analysis and fuzzy-TOPSIS. The example of smartwatch design is adopted to validate the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, the entropy theory and fuzzy-TOPSIS combined with grey relation analysis can reduce the personal subjective factors to a larger extent during the appraisal, which ensure the accuracy and offer the instruction for decision making of product design solutions in enterprises.

A Quantitative Research on the Matching Status of Relationship Governance(RG)and Contractual Governance Orientation(CG)

FENG Jing-chun, ZHENG Chuan-bin, LU Qian-qian, XUE Song

2019, 28(1):  158-165.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0020

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The research into relational governance(RG)and contractual governance orientation(CG)has been the subject under discussion, but there is still a lack of quantitative research on the state of matching between RG and CG. Hence, based on the survey data, the relational weight method is used to quantify the state of RG and CG. What’s more, a matching model of RG and CG is constructed, and a case is studied. The research results show that it is feasible to quantify the research on the state of RG and CG, and to achieve a quantitative study of the best matching state between them. The conclusions are helpful to the understanding of the matching mechanism between RG and CG, which is of great theoretical and practical implication to the realization of the effective matching between them and improvement of the project performance.

Research into Demand Diffusion for Sequels Integrating Bass Model with Three-Stage Process Model

TANG Zhong-jun, LIU Lei-peng, YU Hai-bo, CUI Jun-fu

2019, 28(1):  166-175.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0021

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There exists a spillover effect but not substitution effect between parent movie and its sequels. However, extant multi-generation diffusion models have mainly taken substitution effect into account, so they are not suitable for sequels. In order to forecast market potential and daily demand of sequels more accurately, this paper proposes a demand diffusion model for sequels integrating Bass model with three-stage process model. The proposed model is tested by using related data of sequels which were released during the period from 2011 to 2016 in China. The empirical results show that, 1)a spillover effect of parent movie, characteristic gap between two generations of movies, and market expansion significantly affect market potential of the sequel; 2)there is significant seasonality in the process of movie demand diffusion; 3)the proposed model delivers better overall performance than Marshall model and SBM both in terms of model fit and forecasting performance. Therefore, the proposed model is not only more suitable for predicting the demand diffusion of sequels, but also extends multi-generation diffusion models’ applicability range to short-life-cycle experience goods without a substitution effect.

Management Science

A Quality-price Competition between Manufacturers Based on Showroom

LIU Yong-mei, ZHANG Qin-yi, FAN Chen

2019, 28(1):  176-186.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0022

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This paper divides consumers into high-level and low-level informed ones based on different consumers with different product information, and then establishes the utility function for each consumer. Subsequently, it analyzes the Bertrand game between two manufacturers about whether to open the showroom and their corresponding quality-price strategies after opening showrooms. The results show that when the fixed cost of showroom is low or can be ignored, both manufactures would open showrooms if low-level informed consumers have a low trust degree of online products, and meanwhile their optimal prices and quality will increase, but both manufacturers would get the least profits and are trapped into Prisoner’s Dilemma. While under the condition of low-level informed consumers with high trust degree of online products, both manufacturers will choose not to open showrooms, and both parties achieve Pareto optimality. And when their trust degree is medium or partial, both manufactures would open showrooms or choose not to open showrooms, which are connected with the proportion of low-level informed consumers. However, while the fixed cost of opening showroom reaches a certain value, no matter how many low-level informed consumers or how high the trust degree of the low-level informed consumers in the market it has, the manufacturer will not open showroom.

Investigating Allocation of the Excessive Energy Saving in Energy Performance Contracting

ZHANG Wen-jie, YUNA Hong-ping

2019, 28(1):  187-193.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0023

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For the past few years, shared saving model (SSM) has been prevailing in energy performance contracting (EPC) projects in China. Based on the ‘principal-agent’ model, this paper investigates the allocation of excessive energy savings in SSM of EPC projects. The research reveals that the EU’s energy-saving sharing ratio should be no more than 50%, no matter how much excessive energy saving can be achieved. Given that there is an ESCO’s effort cost coefficient and the two parties are both risk-neutral, the optimal approach for allocating excessive energy saving would be more attractive to the ESCO. Furthermore, if the ESCO is risk-averse, its optimal expected energy saving would be influenced by its effort cost coefficient, the degree of risk averse, and the expected variance of energy saving.

Overview

Research on the Present Situation and Tendency of Operational Research Based on Knowledge Map

CHEN Jiang-tao, LV Jian-qiu

2019, 28(1):  194-199.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0024

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At present, operations research has been used in various fields widely. In order to understand the development of operations research, this paper analyzes 3166 academic papers on the web of science from 2006 to 2015 based on Citespace. It investigates the development, important literatures, research hotspots and frontiers of operational research in this decade. This study finds that the United States is still far ahead in the field of operations research, and the United Kingdom and China also produce fruitful results. The mainly influential results of the last decade on the development of operational research are the summary of the application on operational organization in the harbor and control, terminal operation planning and scheduling by Stahlbock R in 2008; the model of CCR and BBC created by Charnes A and Cooper W W and Rhodes E in 1870s and 1880s; the three hundred NP-complete problem summed up by Garey M R in 1979; the study in genetic algorithms by Goldberg D E in 1989 and so on. The research hotspots focus on the container terminal dispatching and transportation. Research frontiers mainly focus on management science, strategy formulation, genetic algorithm, personnel scheduling, data envelopment analysis and so on.