Table of Content

25 August 2013, Volume 22 Issue 4

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

Profit Allocation Based on Graph Games

NIE Cui-ping, ZHANG Qiang, ZHAO Xuan

2013, 22(4):  1-5. 

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We study cooperative games with communication structure, called graph games. The generalization of the average tree solution is considered in the game. We propose that additivity axiom characterizes the solution. Furthermore, on the class of cycle-free graph games the solution satisfies component efficiency. The change in payoff can be represented by the average tree solution when a link between two players is deleted for a component that does not hold for Shapley value and the Myerson value. Finally, we show that there are similar properties in graph games with fuzzy coalitions.

A Method for Multiple Attribute Risk Decision Making Considering Group Reference Points Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory

ZHANG Yao, FAN Zhi-ping

2013, 22(4):  6-11. 

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This paper proposes a decision analysis method based on cumulative prospect theory to solve multiple attribute risk decision making problems with different attribute aspiration-levels given by decision makers(DMs). In this paper, attribute aspiration-levels given by DMs are firstly regarded as reference points. Then, value matrices and decision weight matrices relative to the reference points are built. On the basis of the above matrices, the prospect decision matrices are constructed. Furthermore, the comprehensive prospect value of each alternative is calculated, and the ranking result of the alternatives is obtained according to the comprehensive prospect values. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.

Two-people Cooperated On-line Ski Problem

MA Wei-min, XU Bo, HUANG Hui, CHENG Xiang-tang

2013, 22(4):  12-19. 

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In this paper, a model of two-people cooperated on-line ski problem, which is an extension of classical problem in the area of on-line algorithms analysis, is studied. Firstly, TBS strategy and BCS strategy, together with their profit-sharing Nash equilibrium solution, are given. Two main results are concluded from these two strategies. I)The TBS strategy has lower-bounding competitive ratio; however, the cooperation based on it is not stable and a contract is badly in need. On the contrary, the BCS strategy do not has lower-bounding competitive ratio but it leads to stable cooperation. II)In every case, cooperation based on BCS strategy results in a better profit than non-cooperated case. In Section 4, a comparison between TBS and BCS is given.    In addition, we give the first results of online ski problem for which multiple participant versions admit no growing Competitive Ratios than their single participant counterparts. This is typically not the case for the classical on-line problem, such as the k-server problem, where the competitive ratio necessarily grows linearly with k.

Game Analysis of Public Participation in Mine Rehabilitation Deposit System: Based on the Perspective of Conspiracy and Prevention

XU Da-wei, YANG Na, ZHANG Wen

2013, 22(4):  20-25. 

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Mineral explorations can cause the deterioration of ecological environment. At home and abroad, the mine rehabilitation deposit system has been set up to compel the mining enterprises to take charge of a series of restoration tasks for mining area ecological environment. However, during the implementing process of this system, it is prone to moral hazard without public supervision, which is the conspiracy behavior between the mining enterprises and local government supervisors. At present, the mine rehabilitation deposit system in China does not include the content of public participation, whose defection needs to be supplemented and revised. This paper has established a tripartite game model of public, mining enterprises and the local government supervisor based on the game theory. According to the equilibrium results of the game model, this research results are that the conspiracy can be prevented and controlled by improving the probability of public supervision and the probability of effective public supervision, and reducing the cost of public supervision. Finally, it has put forward several corresponding policy recommendations.

Decision Method for Two-sided Matching with Incomplete Ordinal Number Information Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory

YUE Qi

2013, 22(4):  26-32. 

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With respect to the two-sided matching problem with incomplete ordinal number information considering agents' expected values, a decision method based on cumulative prospect theory is proposed. In this paper, the description of the two-sided matching problem is given. The expected value given by each agent is chosen as the reference point, and then the gain and loss matrixes relative to the reference points are constructed. According to cumulative prospect theory and normalized formula, the gain and loss matrixes are transformed into the normalized prospect matrixes. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization model to solve the two-sided matching problem is developed. By using linear weighted method, the multi-objective optimization model is transformed into a single-objective optimization model. The matching result is obtained by solving the single-objective optimization model. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.

Analysis on Group Decision Making of Industry-University-Research Partners Choice Based on Preferences and Dynamic Intuition

CAO Xia, LIU Guo-wei, FU Xiang-mei

2013, 22(4):  33-41. 

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Dealing with bounded rationality and preference during Industry-University-Research Partners(IURP)choice, this paper builds the group decision model of IURP choice based on intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making theory and the theory of relative entropy. It integrates different periods of the individual criteria for IURP's decision-making matrix by using dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric-operator(DIFWG), which makes continuously evaluation of the research partners possible. It integrates different decision-makers of the decision matrix and preference matrix by using intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging-operator(IFOWA). To strike the objective weights of evaluation criteria, it exploits the minimization of the gap between decision-makers on the subjective preferences of the partners and an objective evaluation of the guidelines of the partners based on the weighted average thinking. Then, it strikes the optimal weights solution of the evaluation object by introducing relative entropy, and sort and select according to the solution. Finally, empirical research shows the effectiveness and feasibility of this method, and makes the comprehensive evaluation of group preference-multiple sessions-group decision-making of IURP choice possible by using intuitionistic fuzzy theory.

Performance Analysis of Back Supplier for Supply Disruptions with Stochastic Demand

LI Xin-jun, JI Jian-hua, WANG Shu-yun

2013, 22(4):  42-49. 

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Optimal ordering mechanisms are designed based on options contracts for a triadic supply chain, in which a leading retailer can sequentially source from a primary supplier and a backup supplier to satisfy customer stochastic demand. First, the retailer pays reservation fee for reserved capacity at the beginning in return for the delivery of any desired portion of the reserved capacity to pay the executive cost in order to mitigate some kind of risk of supply disruption of primary supplier with all-or-nothing type of the supply availability structure, in which the primary supplier does not deliver anything or carries out the full delivery desired. Furthermore, the backup supplier decides whether or not to accept the alternative contract considering his capacity setup cost and production cost. Moreover, the closed solutions to optimal ordering quantity, optimal profit and preservation and execution quantity of four different ordering decisions are derived.

Stability of Coalitions with Competitive Retailers in Distribution Supply Chains

ZHOU Yong-wu, XIAO Dan, TANG Qin-shen, LI Ji-cai

2013, 22(4):  50-59. 

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In a two-echelon distribution supply chains formed by a single supplier and three competing retailers, we analyze the pricing game between supplier and different retailer coalitions using the concept of myopic Nash stability and farsighted largest consistent set(LCS)in cooperative game theory, then respectively analyze the stability of the retailers' coalition under three different Game theoretic framework. We found that, whoever the leader is, when the competition intensity is low, farsighted retailers are likely to form grand coalition although the grand coalition is not a stable structure for myopic retailers, and when the competition intensity is strong, then both the myopic retailers and farsighted retailers view the grand coalition as the stable structure. However, in the supplier-leading market structure, the threshold value of the coalition formed by farsighted retailers is higher; and in the market structure that suppliers and retailers are in the same position, grand coalition is the common stable structure both for myopic retailers and farsighted retailers.

Research on the Benefits' Coordination Mechanism in the Supply Chain of Indirect Rural Land Transferring ——Based on the Principal-agent Model

HE Fang, WEN Xiu-chun

2013, 22(4):  60-67. 

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Because the conflicts of benefits are the common problems in the supply chain,so establishing a rational benefits' coordination mechanisms is undoubtedly important to the successful operation of rural land transferring. In this paper, based on the game theory, a model of the benefits' coordination mechanism, i.e a two-stage's principal-agent model, is set up to analyze the moral risk problems of the double principal-agent, so as to promote communication and coordination behavior by a variety of means and measures. Finally, the validity of the combined mechanism is illustrated by a numerical simulation and a numerical example. It is revealed that via selecting the rational mechanism, each member in the indirect land transferring supply chain can make a Pareto improvement in the expected benefits, and coordination of the indirect land transferring supply chain can be achieved in the end.

A Study on Evolution and Simulation of Moral Hazard in Supply Chain Networks

MU Jing, MAO Jin-yue

2013, 22(4):  68-76. 

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As the increasingly serious problem of moral hazard exists in current supply chain network, the paper uses evolutionary game and system dynamics theory to study on the evolution of moral hazard in current supply chain network from both horizontal and vertical perspectives. Firstly, based on the integrity and immoral behavior of the process of cooperation between the suppliers, the paper establishes the lateral evolutionary game model of moral hazard in supply chain network and analyzes the evolutionary path. Secondly, followed by dynamic analysis on supervision game between the manufacturer and supplier, the paper establishes multi-person evolutionary game model based on SD, and simulates the evolutionary equilibrium and the process of moral hazard of the supply chain network from vertical view. The results show that: the evolution results of moral hazard in the supply chain network depend on the excess returns of immoral companies within the network, the degree of adjustment to revenue, penalties and punishment mechanism. In addition, the fine intensity is closely related to the dynamic of the evolution process of moral hazard in the supply chain network; the dynamic penalty strategy has a significant effect on volatility control of the evolution process.

Optimization Model of Resources Integration Decision in Service-manufacturing Network

ZHAO Yi-wei, CHEN Ju-hong, FENG Qing-hua, YAO Shu-jun, GUO Fu-li

2013, 22(4):  77-84. 

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Service-manufacturing is a new mode in the development of manufacturing. To carry on the service-manufacturing smoothly, various kinds of resources in service-manufacturing network(SMN)should be integrated and optimized. This paper analyses the operational features of SMN, and based on this, takes the hard environmental factors and soft environmental factors that decide both the network and individual operational level as dominant factors during integration of SMN resources. In order to guide the operational practice in SMN, an integration decision optimization method based on dominant factors judgment was first given by analyzing the resources integration characters of SMN. Then, the integration decision optimization model and improved ant algorithm were built to solve the decision process. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility were discussed by a case simulation.

An Evaluation Model Based on the Non-linear Programming Method and the Network Flow Theory

LI Yong-li, WU Chong

2013, 22(4):  85-92. 

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To solve the problem of isotonicity in the existing evaluation models and to deal with the widespread phenomenon of data omitting, a new evaluation method is established. The new non-linear programming model is made based on three criterions composed of “results consistency”, “minimum deviation” and “minimum separation” which are the theoretical basis of making the model. The presented model is expressed further as a kind of minimum convex cost network flow problem, and the idea is the core of the paper to solve the problem of the model's algorithm and indicate the profound management implication of the new model. Lastly, the model's effectiveness is demonstrated by an example analysis and an empirical analysis based on a large data base with omitting data. In conclusion, the model provides a new tool of evaluation theory, enriches examples using the theory relationship between operations research and decision theory, owns the ability to solve the problems of isotonicity and omitting data, and has the significance in theory and practice.

Research on Program Schedule Optimization Based on DSM of Resource Time Factor

ZHANG Chun-sheng, YAN Guang-le

2013, 22(4):  93-100. 

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In the project practice, the project schedule would be prolonged due to resource constrained. Therefore, the paper first introduced a concept of resource time factor, adopts the design structure matrix(DSM), then described the demand on resources according to program by using resources into time factors DSM and resources exit time factors DSM. Finally, the author presents a genetic particle swarm algorithm for program schedule optimization based on resource time factor. The calculation proves that the method not only can reduce the Program Schedule, but also can provide decision-makers with a new perspective in proper increasing reasonable resources.

The Nash Equilibrium in the Assignment Problem

XU Yi-song, WANG Ying-ming

2013, 22(4):  101-105. 

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Considering the assigned persons' individual rationality, this paper proposed the a method to solve the assignment problem with game theory, and prove the existence of the pure strategy nash equilibrium. Compare with the assignment result, the Pure Strategy Nash Equilibrium correspond Pareto Optimum. And it is the optimal solution in individual rational environment. Above all, we proposed a complex method considering individual rationality and group rationality simultaneously.

Research on Reliability Optimization of Antiaircraft Weapon System Based on Marginal Effect Analysis

GUO Qiang, JIANG Li-qiang, GAO Jian-jun, XIAO Xia

2013, 22(4):  106-110. 

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In terms of complex weapon system reliability optimization allocation, with the maximum reliability of the system as the objective function and taking overall consideration of the restricting conditions of the expenses and qualities of the system, the optimization allocation module of weapon system reliability was established; and a numerical solving algorithm based on marginal effect analysis method was put forward, which could maximize the total reliability of the system by improving the reliabilities of each sub-system. Reliability optimization allocation of air defense weapon system was also exemplified in this essay.

Disruption Management for Production Rescheduling in Proportional Two-machine No-wait Flow Shop

BO Hong-guang, PAN Yu-tao, MA Xiao-yan

2013, 22(4):  111-119. 

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To solve the rescheduling problem for a random or an anticipated machine disruption in proportional two-machine no-wait flow shop, a disruption management method is proposed that considering both the original objective(min. makespan)and the disruption repairing objective(min.summation of delay time). Based on the shortest processing time(SPT)rule optimal analyzing, it is proved that the right shift original schedule is optimal for the post-disruption management problem. And a predictive disruption management model is formulated based on SPT rule. By combining the ideal point-based multi-objective approaching policy with the discrete quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization and local search mechanism, a heuristic algorithm is proposed. The numerical experiments show that the model and algorithm are effective.

Sequencing of Complementary and Judgment Fuzzy-matrix on the Basis of Structured Element theory

YUE Li-zhu, MA Wei-min

2013, 22(4):  120-125. 

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Use fuzzy structured element method to study the decision-making information to the fuzzy number complementary judgment matrix given in the form of a limited program decision-making problems. The combined-sequence which is more simpler for sorting fuzzy numbers is introduced. In the sequence, and on the basis of the combined-sequence, and some properties of the operator of the FOWA are proved. The operator can reflect preferences-degree of risk of the decision maker's, and the complementary judgment matrix of fuzzy numbers can be turn into real numbers matrix by using the operator, furthermore ,that sequencing complementary and judgment fuzzy——matrix can be turned into sequencing real-number matrix. As long as the element of the matrix is bounded-closed fuzzy numbers, FOWA operator can be used to sort. Finally, a example is given, and it is shown that the method proposed in this paper is more simpler.

Economic Design of Variable Sampling Intervals EWMA Control Charts under Geometric Distribution

XUE Li

2013, 22(4):  126-132. 

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To reduce the production process cycle cost, the economic design of exponential weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart with variable sampling intervals(VSI)under geometric distribution is discussed in this paper. First, the economic model of VSI EWMA control chart under geometric distribution is developed, the optimal values of the parameters will be determined such that the expected total cost is minimized. Further, the genetic algorithms will be used to search for the optimal values of the parameters of the VSI EWMA control chart under geometric distribution. Finally, the sensitivity analysis and optimality analysis of this model is done. The result of sensitivity analysis shows that the occurrences frequency of the assignable cause, the average quality cost per hour while producing out of control, expected time to discover the assignable cause and expected time to correct the process significantly affect the average total cost. The larger the four model parameters respectively, the larger the average total cost. The economic design method which proposed in this paper can be applied to other VSI control charts.

Research on Obtaining the Weights of Index Group Based on Modified Interval Number Density Aggregation Operator

HE Fang

2013, 22(4):  133-138. 

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A decision-making method with a modified interval number density aggregation operator is proposed to solve the group weights problems with index data known and weights unknown. First, the several concepts of interval number and interval number density aggregation operator are introduced, the method of interval number clustering is improved, the direct algorithm is applied to cluster the one-dimensional data, and fuzzy statistics variables are defined to make sure which is the best way to clustering. Then based on a modified interval number density aggregation operator the group weights problems with index data known and weights unknown are solved. Finally it is shown that the method is feasible and effective with an example.

Improvement of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Its Application Research

LI Zhuang-kuo, XUE You-tian

2013, 22(4):  139-143. 

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This paper proposed a model of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP)based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)called PSO-FAHP. It transformed the consistency modified and elements ranking alternative of fuzzy judgement matrix into an optimization problem for nonlinear constrained system, and made use of particle swarm optimization to solve it. Finally, it built a evaluation index system for manufacturing enterprises' vendors selection and applied the PSO-FAHP model to manufacturing enterprises' venders selection and evaluation. The results show that this model can effectively help companies choose better venders and have certain guiding significance for building the supply chain.

Application Research

Link Importance Identification of Transportation Networks in the Emergency

SHI Chao-feng, XU Yin-feng

2013, 22(4):  144-150. 

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The poor maintenance of transportation(road)networks, natural disasters, and unforeseen attacks lead to the emergency. This paper proposes emergency impact assessment indices to evaluate the emergency effects of link in transportation(road)networks. We also construct the link importance indices that allow for the ranking of links in transportation networks in terms of their emergency importance, should they be destroyed due to the emergency(natural disaster, great incident, great congestion, broken-down bridge, and etc.). The indices are applicable in the case of user-optimization, system-optimization and efficiency loss. We give the property of the indicators and discuss the relationship between the indices in the case of user-optimization, system-optimization and efficiency loss. Numerical transportation network examples illustrate the proposed qualitative emergency indices. The evaluation of the link importance is very important to the road plan, road maintenance and network vulnerability analysis.

Vague Sets Evaluation and its Application Based on TOPSIS Idea in Technological Innovation

CUI Chun-sheng

2013, 22(4):  151-156. 

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In order to get the idea technological innovation scheme, the scheme selection is studied in the paper. From the actual situation, a group of evaluation index which included in the strength, the potential and the external environment about technical innovation scheme is selected. With the Vague set theory, the evaluation value of any innovation scheme is defined by the concept of Positive-ideal solution and Negative-ideal solution of TOPSIS. With the concept of distant in Vague set theory, a new evaluation method is built to get a satisfied solution. This method reflects the advantages of Vague set theory which describe the uncertainty, meanwhile, the basic criteria for project evaluation is meet by the TOPSIS idea. The idea and method not only take a new application field to the Vague set study, but also get a new idea and method to the technological innovation study.

Carbon Emissions Allowance Shadow Price Model: an Application in Hainan Power Generation Sector

YE Bin, TANG Jie, LU Qiang

2013, 22(4):  157-162. 

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In the circumstances of carbon emission constrain on power generation industry, carbon emissions allowance becomes a valuable resource for a power company. Shadow price of the allowance can serve as an important reference for the pricing mechanism of emissions trading and carbon tax rate formulation. This paper constructed a mathematical programming model in the aim of minimizing the total cost of the power system and solved the shadow price of allowance according to duality principle. Hainan grid was selected as the object of the case study. Shadow price of allowance was calculated according to the model and the main influence factors were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the shadow price of emission allowance showing a stepwise growth as the cap of GHG decreased. The impact to the shadow price of allowance resulting from cost change of low carbon wind power and high carbon coal power was completely opposite.

Model of Complementary Product Coordination Based on Positive Network Externalities of the Virtual Trading Community

MAI Sheng, KUANG Hai-bo, MA Hui

2013, 22(4):  163-171. 

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Multi-channel distribution is becoming increasingly wide in the internet age. And the studies about e-channel also become more and more popular. Virtual trading community(VTC)as an important plat of e-channel, its roll is gaining a lot of attention. The manufacturer opening the e-channel in the Virtual Trading Community(VTC)based on the traditional channel is investigated in this paper. However, the VTC e-channel forms competition to the traditional retail channel and the retailer. In order to alleviate the channel conflict between the manufacturer and the retailer, the complementary product strategy is introduced. That is the manufacturer sells the complementary product to the retailer as a cost price, the retailer can sell the complementary product in the traditional channel or the VTC channel. The equilibrium prices and profits are analyzed in the different sale channel based on the Bertrand and Stackelberg models. And the efficiency of the complementary product strategy is illustrated by a numerical example. It is showed up that the combining of the complementary product strategy and subsidy or revenue sharing can coordinate the supply chain, realize win-win situation.

Analysis of the Unsuitability of Replacing Internal Rate of Revenue with External Rate of Revenue in Economic Evaluation

ZHAO Guo-jie, SHEN Shu-li

2013, 22(4):  172-174. 

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The internal rate of revenue has been doubted in the paper and it is thought to be reasonable to replace the internal rate of revenue with the external rate of revenue. On the basis of analyzing the index of the external rate of revenue the constructed by scholars abroad and the misconception made by scholars at home, the unsuitability of replacing the internal rate of revenue with the external rate of revenue has been proved.

Competitive Strategy and Risk-reward Model for On-line Leasing in an Inflation Market

LIU You-zhu, XU Wei-jun, HU Mao-lin

2013, 22(4):  175-181. 

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In real rental market, based on the fact that the rental cost and purchase price of an equipment generally continue to rise as time goes, we put forward the on-line strategy for the rental problem both with the interest rate and the increasing price index, and also propose the risk-reward model based on probabilistic forecasts. Firstly, by using the method of on-line algorithm and competitive analysis, we design the optimal investment strategy and competitive ratio for this problem. Then, under the risk-reward framework, we discuss the maximum reward strategy based on the given risk tolerance and the future forecast. More, we propose another risk model for this problem which can obtain the minimum risk strategy under the given reward level and the future forecast. Finally, the optimal competitive performance of the strategy is discussed and illustrated by numerical analysis, which shows that the competitive performance of on-line strategy increases significantly in the risk-reward models with probabilistic forecast.

Social Capital、Capital Substitution and Endogenous Growth Model

YAN Qing-you, TANG Xin-fa

2013, 22(4):  182-189. 

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Different from previous research, by putting social capital into the production function and social welfare function, this paper constructs a four sector endogenous economic growth model. Straightening out the economic relationship of the natural capital, social capital, human capital and man-made capital, the internal mechanism to realize economic growth are analyzed. The model proved that the substitute of social capital to natural capital, so we can add social capital and cut down natural capital at the same time, while keeping the long economic growth. The model explained the contribution of the social capital to the long term economic development, combining with the current economic situation in our country. To maintain a reasonable growth and make good use of social capital, some specific policies are suggested in view of the resource reserves of our country, which is theoretical significance to our country as adjusting industrial structure and building innovation society to realize the sustainable development.

A Discovery Method for RFID Object Points of Interest Based on Probabilistic Semantic Trajectories

GAO Xue-dong, ZHAO Yang, WANG Hong-zhi

2013, 22(4):  190-196. 

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In this paper, a new method is developed for solving the problem that the object trajectory data is incomplete in the relational regions which the RFID antennas can't cover. This approach can discover(estimate)the object's POI(Points of Interest)based on the probabilistic semantic trajectories. The goal of our research is to establish an integrated description of the object's RFID trajectories and to find out the distribution of object's POI in the regions which can't be covered by the RFID antennas. Proposed method considers two factors of probabilistic distribution and duration of the objects in the same time. An experiment has been carried out.

a Novel Analysis Method and Application of Absolutely Close Degree of Grey Incidence

ZHANG Cai-fen, ZHU Jian-jun

2013, 22(4):  197-203. 

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This paper firstly pointed out the improved place of the definition of the existing close degree of grey incidence and defined a new absolutely close degree of grey incidence; Then researched the calculated formula and properties of the new absolutely close degree of grey incidence; Finally, this paper used the new model in triangular fuzzy multi-attribute decision making and gave an example to explain the effectiveness of the new model.

Management Science

Method for Member Selection of Cross-functional Teams in New Product Development Considering Index Aspiration

JIANG Yan-ping, PAN En, LIANG Hai-ming

2013, 22(4):  204-211. 

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With respect to the problem of member selection of cross-functional teams in new product development with index aspiration, a method for decision analysis is proposed. Firstly, with respect to the aspiration of the comprehensive qualities index and professional skills index which are given by teams, the satisfaction functions of index aspiration are given and the satisfaction degree at each index to every candidate from teams is obtained. Then, the biggest overall satisfaction degree of comprehensive qualities index and professional skills index to the selected member from teams is regarded as the objective function, the model of member selection of cross-functional teams in new product development is constructed and the member formation of teams are obtained. Finally, an example shows the feasibility and validity of this method. The paper can further improve the methods for member selection of cross-functional teams in new product development and have a practical application value.

Dynamic Pricing with the Counter-Conformity, Conformity and Non-conformity of Consumer Behavior

CHEN Xiao-hong, CHEN Sha

2013, 22(4):  212-219. 

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Confronted with well-informed consumers, firms have to take everything into consideration. Through the classic game theory, pricing mechanism is discussed with different characteristics of consumer behavior. The customer population is heterogeneous along two dimensions: they may have an inclination towards the obedience of the public and different degrees of patience. After introducing the price deviation variables, we demonstrate that heterogeneity in both inclination and patience is important because they jointly determine the structure of optimal pricing policies. The numerical example shows that the markdown degree, the expected purchasing amount of consumers and the expected profits of the firm increase with the increase of the proportion of counter-conformity consumers. And we also examine whether the discount rate of capital, counter-conformity consumers and myopic consumers will have an impact on the sales. In particular, when the discount rate and the proportion of the conformity customers are too high, the expected profits of the firm increase mildly with the increase of the proportion of myopic customers. Therefore, the discount rate and characteristics of consumer behavior should be considered together to maximize the revenue of firms.

Study on Profit Allocation of Enterprise's Original Innovation with an Industry-University-Research Cooperative Mode Based on the Shapley Value

LI Bai-zhou, LUO Xiao-fang

2013, 22(4):  220-224. 

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The original innovation ability has become one of the enterprise's core competitiveness, establishing a fair and reasonable profit allocation mechanism is the key to drive universities and research institutions, intermediary organizations to participate in enterprise's original innovation. This paper takes the intermediary organization as a subject during the profit allocation of enterprise's original innovation with an industry-university-research cooperative mode, uses the Shapley value to analyze on the problem of profit allocation among enterprise, universities and research institution, intermediary organization, at the same time, corrects the model by considering innovation cycle and risk exposure factors of different subjects. The adjusted results are more fair and reasonable. The example verifies the feasibility and rationality of the method.

Manufacturing System of Implementing Postponement Strategy Modeling and Analysis Based on Generalized Stochastic Petri-net

LUO Jian-qiang, ZHAO Yan-ping

2013, 22(4):  225-230. 

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Postponement strategy is an important strategic means to coordinate contradiction between the absolute of market demand changes and relative stability of manufacturing system. The paper applies the generalized stochastic Petri nets(GSPN)to model manufacturing system of implementing postponement strategy, and analyzes its performance. The GSPN is converted to Markov chain because the GSPN is isomorphic with Markov chain. With Markov chain and corresponding mathematics methods, we get the main indexes performance. The method can not only analyze the whole manufacturing system of implementing postponement strategy performance but also analyze the performance of every process. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is proved by an empirical analysis. The evaluation method enriches the postponement strategy.

Research on Product Service Capacity and Pricing Joint Optimization Strategy Mechanism ——Based on Dynamic and Nonlinear Perspective

YAO Shu-jun, CHEN Ju- hong , HE Zheng

2013, 22(4):  231-240. 

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In order to dynamic change of customer demand quickly and enhance management efficiency of product service capacity, a queuing optimization model is established to address dynamic and nonlinear difficulties of product service demand, by using state related demand rate function and cost-benefit rate function. By considering demand change features of customer in the process of product servitilized, customers are divided into four different categories: affordable, economical, professional and quality, from two dimensions of service capacity and price. In allusion to intrinsic relationship of service capacity and price, cost dominated strategy, service capacity dominated strategy, price dominated strategy and product service capacity pricing joint strategy are established by using thequeuing optimization model respectively. Finally, with the aid of enterprise operation example of Nanyang pump industry, the superiority of the product service capacity pricing joint strategy is verified, and that the evolution path and implementation countermeasures are given.

Research of Prediction of Enterprise Projects Chain Risk Element Transmission Based on Markov-fourier Modified Grey Prediction Model(MFGM)

LI Cun-bin, LI Peng, LU Gong-shu

2013, 22(4):  241-247. 

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Due to the research of the enterprise projects risk element transmission forecast, the paper proposed the concept of enterprise projects chain risk element transmission and transfer tetrahedron model. Then, based on the chain structure of enterprise projects chain risk transmission, introduction theory of Grey prediction, Fourier series and Markov chain, established the Markov-Fourier modified grey prediction model(MFGM), which is used to predict the risk element transmission of projects chain structure. Finally, taken schedule of projects as a risk element, made a prediction of enterprise projects transmission based on the Markov-Fourier modified grey prediction model, and the results show that the model is feasible and effective.

Mixed Algorithm of Multidimensional Assignment Problem in Human Resources

WANG Zhi-ying, LI Chun-fa

2013, 22(4):  248-255. 

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Aim at the disadvantages of operation complex, time-consuming and low accuracy of the existing algorithms of solving multidimensional assignment problem, the method which is originally applied to search the optimal matching in bipartite graph is extended. Furthermore, the methods, such as test assignment, saturated road adjustment and augmented road adjustment, are employed to search the optimal solution of multidimensional assignment problem. On this basis, the mixed algorithms of the minimum zero-surface preferred assignment and random test assignment are proposed in this paper. In addition, the effectiveness of mixed algorithms is proved theorically, and its temporal and spatial complexities are analyzed. Meanwhile, according to comparing the computing time of solving the cost matrix involving different amount of initial zero elements by the two mixed algorithms, and comparing time consuming and accuracy of solving the multidimensional assignment problem using mixed algorithms, Lagrangian relaxation algorithm and pruning algorithm, the applicability and high effectiveness of the two mixed algorithms are proved respectively. Finally, the validity of the two mixed algorithms is verified by an numerical example.