风险情境下的IT外包知识转移效果改进决策

doi:10.12005/orms.2017.0021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过建立风险情境下的IT外包知识转移Stackelberg模型,研究了发包方与服务商的知识转移策略,分析了发包方的风险态度和转移知识的企业专用性对知识转移效果的影响机理。研究结果发现,风险意识不够强的发包方不应进行知识转移,增强发包方的风险意识可以局部改进知识转移效果,增强发包方转移知识的企业专用性可以全面改进知识转移效果。最后提出了发包方在长、短期内的知识转移效果改进策略,并用算例验证了策略的有效性。

关键词: 知识转移, IT外包, 风险态度, 企业专用性, Stackelberg博弈

Abstract: By building a Stackelberg game model, we study knowledge transfer strategies of both the contractee and the contractor in IT outsourcing under risk. We analyze the influence of the risk attitude and the firm-specificity of the transferred knowledge of the contractee to the effect of knowledge transfer in IT outsourcing. The results show that, if the risk awareness of the contractee is not strong enough, the contractee should not transfer its knowledge; the contractee can partially improve the effect of knowledge transfer by enhancing its sense of risk and overall improve the effect of knowledge transfer by enhancing the firm-specificity of the transferred knowledge. Finally, we propose the strategies of the contractee to improve the effect of knowledge transfer in the long run and short run. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of these strategies.

Key words: knowledge transfer, IT outsourcing, risk attitude, firm-specificity, stackelberg game

中图分类号:

F224.32

陈果, 齐二石. 风险情境下的IT外包知识转移效果改进决策[J]. 运筹与管理, 2017, 26(1): 156-165.

CHEN Guo, QI Er-shi. Improving Decision-Making on the Effect of KnowledgeTransfer in IT Outsourcing under Risk[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2017, 26(1): 156-165.

参考文献

[1]Goo J, Kishore R, Nam K, et al. An investigation of factors that influence the duration of IT outsourcing relationships[J]. Decision Support Systems, 2007, 42 (4): 2107-2125.
[2]Chua L L, Pan S L. Knowledge transfer and organizational learning in IS offshore sourcing[J]. Omega, 2008, 36(2): 267-281.
[3]Pack H, Saggi K. Vertical technology transfer via international outsourcing[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 2001, 65: 389-415.
[4]李西垚,李垣,侯吉刚.外包中承包方企业知识获取的控制机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,29(10):149-152.
[5]Norman P M. Protecting knowledge in strategic alliances: resource and relational characteristics[J]. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 2002, 13(2): 177-187.
[6]刁丽琳,朱桂龙,许治.R&D合作中知识窃取和知识保护的博弈分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2012,33(4):80-88.
[7]Weber E U, Miiliman R A. Perceived risk attitudes: relating risk perception to risky choice[J]. Management Science, 1997, 43(2): 123-144.
[8]Goldstein W M, Einhorn H J. Expression theory and the preference reversal phenomenal[J]. Psychological Review, 1987, 94(2): 236-254.
[9]徐晓静,杨岑,王道平.供应链核心知识流失的利益博弈分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010,(7):88-91,139.
[10]Kale P, Singh H, Perlmutter H. learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategic alliances: building relational capital[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000, 21: 217-237.
[11]Kim H J, Reinschmidt K F. Effects of contractors’ risk attitude on competition in construction[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2011, 137(4): 275-283.
[12]包兴,孙琦.管理者风险态度对系统能力受损后的应急采购决策影响研究[J].中国管理科学,2012,20(2):87-92.
[13]包兴,季建华.考虑管理者风险态度的大型服务运作系统能力应急管理[J].系统管理学报,2009,18(5):555-561.
[14]杜建国,万亚红,侯云章.基于供应链成员风险态度的行为演化[J].系统管理学报,2013,22(6):828-834,840.
[15]张道海,杜建国.基于零售商风险态度的供应中断风险管理研究[J].系统科学与数学,2011,31(10):1279-1287.
[16]Tseng Y M. International strategies and knowledge transfer experiences of MNCs’ taiwanese subsidiaries[J]. Journal of American Academy of Business, 2006, 8(2): 120-125.
[17]Szulanski. The process of knowledge transfer a diachronic of stickiness[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 2000, 82(1): 9-27.
[18]Kough B, Zander U. Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation[J]. Journal of International Business Studies, 1993, 24(4): 625-645.
[19]关涛.跨国公司知识转移:知识特性与组织情境研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(6):902-911.
[20]张红波,周玲.知识专用性视角下企业引入职业经理人的方式策略[J].科研管理,2010,31(1):185-189.
[21]Klein B, Crawford R A, Alchian A A. Vertical integration, appropriable rents, and the competitive contracting process[J]. Journal of Law and Economics, 1978, 21(2): 297-326.
[22]姜骞,周海炜,屈维意.关系范式、知识获取对外包合作关系满意度的影响研究[J].情报杂志,2011,30(6):199-204.
[23]陈通,吴勇.信任视角下研发外包知识转移策略[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2012,33(1):77-82.
[24]王道平,杨岺,宁静.知识服务网络知识转移行为演化研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(8):34-42.
[25]王欣,孙冰.企业内知识转移的系统动力学建模与仿真[J].情报科学,2012,30(2):174-177,195.
[26]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].第1版.上海:上海人民出版社,2004.
[27]尤天慧,樊治平.一种基于决策者风险态度的区间数多指标决策方法[J].运筹与管理,2002,11(5):1-4.
[28]肖枝洪.一种基于决策者风险态度的区间数多指标方法的注记[J].运筹与管理,2004,13(3):52-55.
[29]Griliches Z.Issues in assessing the contribution of R&D to productivity growth[J]. Bell Journal of Economics, 1979, 10: 92-116.
[30]Jaffe A B. Real effects of academic research[J]. American Economic Review, 1989, 79(5): 957-970.