关键词: 农地流转, 农户农地流转意愿, 固定收益模式, 共享收益模式

Abstract: The fourteenth five-year (2021~2025) plan for national economic and social development of the People's Republic of China emphasizes giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, and promoting the strategy of rural revitalization in an all-round way. Agricultural modernization is the basis of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization, and the development of moderate scale operation of agricultural land is an important path for the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and what's more, the farmland transfer is the premise of moderate scale operation of agricultural land. Therefore, under the realistic background of less land and more people in our country, changing the current situation of enrichment at both ends of urban service resources and rural agricultural land resources, and promoting the orderly circulation of agricultural land is an effective way to promote agricultural modernization and revitalize the countryside. However, the growth rate of the proportion of farmland transfer has slowed down gradually in recent years, the farmland transfer shows the phenomenon of “low circulation and high abandonment”, and the policy implementation falls into a state of “waste of resources” and inefficiency in some areas. There are many reasons for such a result, but benefit distribution is one of the core problems in farmland transfer. For farmers, the ancillary functions of agricultural land include economic income function, social security function and possible value-added income in thefuture. However, after the farmland transfer, the farmer fails to get normal income from farmland transfer. Therefore, how to optimize the benefit distribution mechanism among the subjects of agricultural land transfer and distribute the transfer income reasonably, so as to ensure that farmers increase their income and alleviate their dependence on the added value of agricultural land, has become an urgent problem to promote the orderly circulation of agricultural land and moderate scale management in our country.
This paper employs a willingness function to characterize the premise of farmers' voluntary to participate in farmland transfer and builds a Stackelberg game model between the farmers in a region and an agricultural product plantation company. Given that a farmland transfer system consists of the farmers in a region and an agricultural product plantation company, a willingness function of farmland transfer is depicted based on the premise of farmers' voluntary transfer. Then, two-stage game models of farmland transfer are established under the fixed revenue mode and revenue sharing mode, respectively. Moreover, the optimal decisions and revenue are compared under two modes of benefit distribution, so as to reveal the influence mechanism of different benefit distribution modes on farmland transfer. Finally, the theoretical results are verified and explained directly by numerical examples combined with the agricultural production data.
The main results suggest that: (1)There is an unique optimal equilibrium strategy for the two-stage game models of farmland transfer, regardless of whether or not the agricultural revenue is shared after the farmland is transferred. (2)Compared with the fixed revenue mode, it can not only reduce the transfer price, but also can increase the willingness to transfer under the revenue sharing mode. (3)Based on the fixed revenue mode, there is a Pareto improvement region in which both sides who participate in farmland transfer can get more benefits and the government's welfare remains unchanged under the revenue sharing mode. (4)The government subsidy is fully capitalized into the transfer price, which helps to raise the expected income of farmers. Moreover, the government can expand scope of application for the revenue sharing mode by increasing subsidy appropriately.
This paper has guiding significance for promoting the farmland transfer orderly and moderate scale operation of agricultural land. There are three management implications: (1)The revenue sharing model is a better benefit distribution mechanism of farmland transfer than the fixed revenue model. (2)The technical efficiency and cost efficiency of planting enterprises engaged in agricultural production are the fundamental guarantee for the realization of benefit distribution. (3) The establishment of reasonable and effective government subsidy is very important to promote the farmland transfer orderly.

Key words: farmland transfer, farmers' willingness of farmland transfer, fixed revenue mode, revenue sharing mode