关键词: 绿色技术创新, 环境外部效应, 政府补贴, 报童模型

Abstract: Considering the impact of demand uncertainty, the paper analyzes how the government should provide subsidies to consumers or suppliers in order to mitigate environmental externalities in green technology innovation by newsvendor model. The results show that from the perspective of minimizing government subsidy expenditure, government departments should choose to provide consumers with a fixed amount of subsidies when demand is uncertain. The optimal subsidy amount should take into account the demand uncertainty and the government's desired adoption target level. If governments expect enterprises to increase the output of green products, price discount is the best choice. We demonstrate that an increase in demand uncertainty leads to higher production quantities and lower prices, resulting in lower profits for the supplier. With this in mind, one could expect consumer surplus to increase with uncertainty, and thus it is more advantageous for consumers to buy green products with high demand uncertainty.

Key words: green technology innovation, environmental external effects, government subsidies, newsvendor model