Abstract: From the perspective of closed-loop supply chain, four recovery models of the closed-loop supply chain set up by four different entities like manufacturers, retailers, online recyclers and offline recyclers, through Stackelberg game analysis, the equilibrium profit of the recovered entities and the total profit of the supply chain in each model are solved, and the optimal recovery mode of the closed-loop supply chain is obtained. On this basis, the carbon trading mechanism is further introduced to optimize the optimal recovery model. Finally, the Matlab2017a software simulation is used to verify the rationality of the model analysis and the effectiveness of the optimization. The research results show that the multi-recycling main mode(ie O/U/R/MM mode) consisting of online and offline recyclers, retailers and manufacturers can maximize the overall profit of the supply chain including each recycling entity. Therefore, it is the recycling mode that should be preferred in reality; the change of the ratio of recycling refabrication is directly related to the profit value of each member of the supply chain under each model; and the introduction of the carbon trading mechanism can effectively improve the optimal recycling mode for manufacturer profit and total profit of the supply chain.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain, recovery model, Stackelberg game, carbon trading mechanism

摘要： 从闭环供应链视角,分别构建了包含制造商、零售商、线上回收商和线下回收商等不同主体参与的四种闭环供应链回收模式,并通过Stackelberg博弈分析,求解了各模式中回收主体的均衡利润以及供应链总利润,得出了闭环供应链的最佳回收模式。在此基础上,进一步引入碳交易机制对最佳回收模式进行了优化分析,最后,运用Matlab 2017a软件仿真验证了模型分析的合理性和优化作用的有效性。研究结果表明:由线上和线下回收商、零售商、制造商组成的多回收主体模式(即O/U/R/M-M模式)能够使得包括各回收主体在内的供应链整体利润最大化,因而是现实中应该优先选择的回收模式;回收再制造比例值的变化与各模式下供应链各成员的利润值高低直接相关;而碳交易机制的引入能有效提升最佳回收模式中的制造商利润及供应链总利润。

关键词: 闭环供应链, 回收模式, Stackelberg博弈, 碳交易机制